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Cirugía en enterocolitis necrotizante en niños Supervivencia y morbilidad
Resumen
Introducción: la enterocolitis necrotizante es una enfermedad adquirida; de quienes desarrollan la enfermedad, cerca de 90 % es prematuro. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar la supervivencia y las causas de morbilidad durante el primer año de vida en niños con enterocolitis necrotizante y cirugía en la etapa neonatal.
Métodos: se estudiaron 32 niños con enterocolitis necrotizante (19 fallecidos y 13 supervivientes) que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico en el periodo neonatal. Se registraron variables perinatales, tipo de cirugía, hallazgos quirúrgicos, morbilidad y supervivencia en la etapa neonatal y en el primer año de vida.
Resultados: a todos los niños se les realizó laparotomía, excepto a tres fallecidos en quienes se instaló sistema de drenado peritoneal. Las principales morbilidades en el primer año de vida fueron colestasis y obstrucción intestinal. La supervivencia en la etapa neonatal fue de 78 % y en el primer año de vida de 40.6 %.
Conclusiones: la morbilidad en el primer año se relacionó con la cirugía. La supervivencia fue alta en la etapa neonatal y descendió en el primer año de vida.
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