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Factores de riesgo asociados a hemotransfusión alogénica en pacientes con cirugía de cadera
Resumen
Introducción: el objetivo es identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la hemotransfusión alogénica en pacientes con cirugía de cadera realizada en un hospital general citadino, durante 2008 y 2009.
Métodos: fueron considerados como casos 118 pacientes que recibieron sangre alogénica en el pre, el trans o en el postquirúrgico inmediato, y como controles 138 pacientes que tuvieron el mismo tipo de cirugía, pero no fueron hemotransfundidos. La relación entre variables se investigó utilizando un modelo de regresión logística del que se obtuvieron la razón de momios (RM) y los intervalos de confianza (IC) de 95 %.
Resultados: se identificaron como factores de riesgo: el sangrado transquirúrgico ≥ 400 ml (frente a < 400 ml, RM 5.68, IC 95 % 2.5 a 12.9, p = 0.007) y la concentración prequirúrgica de hemoglobina < 11 g/dL (frente a ≥ 11 g/dL, RM 2.86, IC 95 % 1.5 a 5.6; p = 0.001); pero no la duración de la cirugía, el segmento femoral intervenido, la técnica quirúrgica ni la Hb postquirúrgica.
Conclusiones: el sangrado transquirúrgico ≥ 400 ml y la Hb prequirúrgica < 11 g/dL incrementaron el riesgo de hemotransfusión alogénica.
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Referencias
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