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Escaneo genómico completo en diabetes tipo 2 y su aplicación clínica
Resumen
La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad compleja y crónica que representa uno de los más grandes problemas de salud en el mundo. Debido a las alarmantes cifras que evidencian el constante aumento de casos, se exige la creación de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas, terapéuticas y de prevención. El estudio de escaneo genómico completo (GWA por sus siglas en inglés, genome wide asssociation) en diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) representa una herramienta útil de investigación para la caracterización de marcadores genéticos y vías fisiopatogénicas con potencial utilidad clínica, ya sea como predicción de riesgo a DT2 o a complicaciones. En México es necesario hacer una disección comprensiva del fondo genético de la DT2, debido al complejo mosaico genético de nuestra población, pues se requiere para incrementar el conocimiento molecular y fisiopatológico que conduce a esta condición. Existen diversos estudios genéticos para la población mexicana vinculados al proyecto de los 1000 genomas, que han llevado a definir algunos marcadores genéticos específicos para nuestra población no descritos en poblaciones europeas. Hasta este momento se han asociado 78 loci a DT2. Recientemente, en el metaanálisis mundial con la participación de México, demostramos al menos 7 nuevas variantes asociadas a DT2.
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