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Uso de antioxidantes para prevenir enfermedad cardiovascular. Metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos
Resumen
Objetivo: evaluar el uso de antioxidantes, antiagregantes plaquetarios, estatinas y moduladores de la inflamación en la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular.
Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de ensayos clínicos en los que se investigó el uso de antioxidantes, antiagregantes plaquetarios, estatinas y moduladores de la inflamación para la prevención primaria y secundaria de riesgo cardiovascular. Se analizaron con revisión sistemática, aplicando metaanálisis para la combinación de resultados.
Resultados: se incluyeron 20 estudios. En el subgrupo de vitamina E se presentaron 3623 eventos de IAM no fatal, RR= 1 (0.93-1.06) IC 95 %, p = 0.01. En estatinas se presentaron 2795 eventos de IAM no fatal, RR = 0.68 (0.63-0.73) IC 95 %, p = 0.02. En antiagregantes plaquetarios se presentaron 1199 eventos de IAM no fatal, RR = 0.91 (0.81-1.02) IC 95 %, p = 0.42. En ácidos grasos omega-3 se presentaron 434 eventos de IAM no fatal, RR = 0.93 (0.76-1.13) IC 95 %, p = 0.002.
Conclusiones: la vitamina E no reduce el riesgo cardiovascular, en comparación con la estatinas, antiagregantes plaquetarios y ácidos grasos omega-3.
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