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Asociación entre aborto temprano e infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en Aguascalientes, México / Association between early miscarriage and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Aguascalientes, Mexico
Resumen
Introducción: la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis es un factor de riesgo bien establecido en pacientes con ruptura prematura de membranas y parto prematuro; sin embargo, su papel en el riesgo de aborto temprano es incierto.
Objetivo: determinar si existe asociación entre la presencia de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis y aborto temprano en un grupo de mujeres de Aguascalientes, México.
Material y métodos: se estudiaron muestras de 108 productos de aborto temprano y 42 pacientes con embarazo normal mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de punto final para determinar la presencia de Chlamydia trachomatis. Se evaluó la magnitud de la asociación entre aborto temprano e infección por este microrganismo con razón de momios (RM) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). Un valor de p < 0.05 se consideró significativo.
Resultados: se encontró Chlamydia trachomatis en 39 de las 150 pacientes (26%), en 37 de 108 mujeres con aborto temprano (34.2%) y en dos de 42 mujeres con embarazo normal (4.7%) (p = 0.002). Se observó asociación positiva del riesgo de aborto temprano e infección por Chlamydia trachomatis con RM de 10.42, IC 95%: 2.39‑45.54, p = 0.002.
Conclusiones: encontramos una frecuencia de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis más elevada que la reportada previamente en nuestro país y un riesgo significativamente mayor de aborto temprano en mujeres embarazadas con esta infección (10.42), lo que sugiere la necesidad de incluir el estudio molecular de este patógeno en mujeres en control prenatal.
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women has been strongly associated with early membrane rupture and pre-term labor; however, the evidence linking Chlamydia trachomatis infection and early miscarriage is inconsistent.
Objective: To determine if there is an association between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and early abortion in a group of women from Aguascalientes, Mexico.
Material and methods: 108 early abortion product samples were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction technique, along with 42 samples that belonged to 42 patients with a normal pregnancy, in order to determine the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis. The strength of association between early abortion and Chlamydia trachomatis infection was measured with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Chlamydia trachomatis infection was positive in 39 of 150 patients (26%), in 37 of 108 women with early abortion (34%) and in two of 42 of women with uneventful control pregnancies (4.7%) (p = 0.002). We observed a positive association between the risk of early miscarriage and Chlamydia trachomatis infection (OR = 10.42, 95% CI, 2.39-45.54, p = 0.002).
Conclusions: We found a higher frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis infection than the one previously reported in our country, and a higher risk of early abortion for Chlamydia trachomatis infection (10.42) in pregnant women, which suggests the necessity of including the molecular study of this pathogen in women in prenatal control.
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