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Alteraciones epigenéticas en la progresión del cáncer cervicouterino
Resumen
A pesar del empleo de los métodos de tamizaje como el Papanicolaou y la detección de virus del papiloma humano (VPH), el cáncer cervicouterino (CaCU) sigue siendo un problema de salud pública en México, ya que es la segunda causa de muerte por neoplasias malignas en mujeres. La infección por VPH de alto potencial oncogénico es el principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de lesiones precursoras y CaCU; sin embargo, no es suficiente, dado que se requiere de diversas alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas para el desarrollo de la neoplasia y un gran número de ellas han sido descritas, incluso en algunos casos se ha sugerido su uso como biomarcadores en la progresión o predictivos de respuesta. A diferencia de lo que sucede con otros tipos de cáncer, como el de mama, en el CaCU no se ha establecido el uso de marcadores para su aplicación en la clínica. A diferencia de las alteraciones genéticas, las alteraciones epigenéticas son potencialmente reversibles y su caracterización no solo tiene potencial para el uso como biomarcadores, sino como blancos de nuevas terapias. En esta revisión se describen algunas de las alteraciones epigenéticas más características en el CaCU, con potencial uso para la clínica.
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