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Nefropatía por diabetes mellitus tipo 2: un rasgo multifactorial con umbral y su mapa mórbido cromosómico
Resumen
La nefropatía causada por la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es un rasgo multifactorial cuyo umbral o límite para que se exprese el fenotipo depende del efecto aditivo de múltiples loci y diversos factores ambientales propios de cada población. A partir de la secuenciación del genoma humano se han encontrado más loci de susceptibilidad a través de los estudios de enlace y asociación. Los estudios de asociación muestran 69 loci involucrados, mientras que por estudios de enlace genético se han encontrado 24. Entre los factores ambientales se han informado las comidas genéticamente desconocidas y el consumo excesivo de bebidas con adulcorantes. Sin embargo, a pesar de evidencia amplia acerca del componente genético para el desarrollo de daño renal, no se descarta la participación del ambiente, evidente en algunos estudios perinatales. Uno de los abordajes que se propone dada la heterogeneidad genética que influye en la nefropatía son los estudios de epistasia, los cuales cobrarán mayor relevancia en la actualidad.
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