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Xerostomía: etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento
Resumen
La hipofunción salival (xerostomía) es la disfunción de la glándula salival producida por diversos padecimientos, medicamentos o radioterapia, y que predispone a enfermedades de la mucosa oral. La función protectora de la saliva está disminuida o ausente en los pacientes con xerostomía; por lo tanto, la mucosa oral se torna vulnerable a infecciones como candidiasis, síndrome de la boca seca y lesiones aftosas. El tratamiento se debe enfocar a prevenir las alteraciones de la mucosa oral, mantener una buena higiene y utilizar agentes que estimulen la producción de saliva o sustitutos de saliva, dependiendo de la severidad de la disfunción. Deberá incluir terapéutica antifúngica, corticosteroides, antiinflamatorios y, sobre todo, prevención del padecimiento por el consumo de alcohol y tabaco, y el tratamiento oportuno y adecuado de las enfermedades precedentes.
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