In Mexico, there is a high prevalence of early nephropathy that usually goes unnoticed and may in part be due to the acquisition of “moderns” negative habits a lifestyle from an early age like physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking and alcohol intake abuse associated with the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, diabetes and hypertension, leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Mexico. These behaviors are difficult to control by medical intervention alone and may be associated with lack of resources of patients to perform self-care activities and the health care-model predominant in México also may be insufficient to generate healthy behaviors. To improve the care of patients from early stages of CKD, is necessary to implement multidisciplinary strategies to empower the patient and develop their self-efficacy to carry out self-care actions to manage their disease, control risk factors, promotion of healthy habits and modify risk behaviors. Promoting self-care is an area of opportunity with potential benefits to reduce the progression of kidney damage and complications. The aim of this article is to review the main multidisciplinary strategies to promote self-care in patients with early nephropathy in primary health-care.
En México, existe una alta prevalencia de nefropatía temprana que puede pasar desapercibida y deberse a los “modernos” hábitos negativos de un estilo de vida; la inactividad física, la dieta poco saludable, el tabaquismo y el abuso en el consumo de alcohol, asociados al incremento de la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, diabetes e hipertensión arterial, son las principales causas de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en nuestro país. Para mejorar la atención de los pacientes desde los estadios tempranos de la ERC, es necesario implementar estrategias multidisciplinarias para empoderar al paciente y desarrollar su autoeficacia para llevar a cabo acciones de autocuidado para el manejo de su enfermedad, control de factores de riesgo, promoción de hábitos saludables y modificar conductas de riesgo. Fomentar el autocuidado constituye un área de oportunidad con potenciales beneficios para reducir la progresión del daño renal y sus complicaciones. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar las principales estrategias multidisciplinarias para fomentar el autocuidado en pacientes con nefropatía temprana en atención primaria.
Keywords: Self-Care; Kidney Diseases; Healthy Lifestyle; Primary Health Care.