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Prevalencia del virus del papiloma humano oncogénico en pacientes con lesión cervical / Prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus in patients with cervical lesion
Resumen
Resumen
Introducción: La infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) de alto riesgo oncogénico (VPHar) se asocia al cáncer cervicouterino en el 99.7% de los casos. La prevalencia de VPH varía según la región geográfica, el grado de lesión y el método de detección, entre otras variables.
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de VPHar e identificar factores de riesgo en mujeres con lesión cervical de la Ciudad de Mexico.
Material y métodos: De 421 mujeres, se incluyeron 310. Se aplicaron cuestionarios y se obtuvieron muestras que incluyeron todo el espectro de las lesiones cervicales según el sistema Bethesda. La tipificación del VPH se hizo mediante el sistema INNO-LiPA. Las características de la población se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Con la prueba de chi cuadrada se calculó la razón de momios (RM) de los factores de riesgo con el programa SPSS, versión 24.0.
Resultados: El 91.6% de las muestras fueron positivas para VPHar. Los VPH prevalentes fueron los tipos 16, 66, 52 y 51. Por edad no hubo significación estadística para riesgo de infección por VPHar. Haber tenido tres o más parejas sexuales elevó el riesgo de infección por HPVar (RM: 2.99; intervalo de confianza del 95 [IC 95%]: 1.247.24). Las infecciones de transmisión sexual favorecieron el riesgo de infección por otros VPHar distintos de los tipos 16 y 18 (RM: 2.47; IC 95%: 1.24-7.24 y 1.50-4.06).
Conclusión: La elevada prevalencia de VPH 66, 52 y 51 es un hallazgo que no ha sido descrito previamente en nuestra población. Esperamos que este estudio contribuya a mejorar los programas de los servicios de salud dirigidos a disminuir la incidencia de cáncer cervicouterino.
Abstract
Background: High risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is associated with the development of cervical cancer (CC) in 99.7%. The prevalence of HPV varies according to the geographic region, lesion degree, method of detection, among other variables.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of hrHPV and identify some risk factors in a group of women with cervical lesions from Mexico City.
Material and methods: Of 421 women, 310 were included. Questionnaires of risk factors were administered, and cervical samples which included the entire spectrum of cervical lesions according to the Bethesda system were obtained. HPV genotyping was made with INNO-LiPA system. Population characteristics were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Risk factors’ odds ratio (OR) was calculated with chi squared using SPSS software, version 24.0.
Results: 91.6% of the samples were positive for hrHPV. The prevalent types were 16, 66, 52 and 51. By age group there were not statistically significant differences in the risk of HPV infection. Having had three or more sexual partners increased the risk of infection by hrHPV (OR: 2.99; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.247.24). Sexually transmitted diseases increased the probability of infection by hrHPV different to types 16, and 18 (OR: 2.47; 95% CI, 1.24-7.24 and 1.50-4.06).
Conclusions: The high prevalence of types 66, 52 and 51 is a finding that has not been described previously in our population. We hope that this study will help to improve health services in order to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000027
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