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Hemofilia adquirida tipo A en cuidados intensivos. Reporte de casos / Acquired hemophilia type A in the intensive care unit. Case reports

Luis Alejandro Sánchez-Hurtado, Otoniel Toledo-Salinas, Antonio Landaverde-López, Saira Sanjuana Gómez-Flores, Brigette del Carmen Tejeda-Huezo, José Ángel Baltazar-Torres

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: La hemofilia adquirida tipo A (HAA) es una condición rara y mortal. La ocasionan autoanticuerpos contra el factor VIII. Es un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico, con potencial desarrollo de complicaciones, las cuales pueden poner en riesgo la vida de quien las presenta.

Casos clínicos: Presentamos dos casos de pacientes con trastornos de la coagulación y sangrado, con HAA diagnosticada por tiempo parcial de tromboplastina activado prolongado de forma aislada, corrección tardía con plasma, presencia de inhibidor del factor VIII de la coagulación y disminución de la actividad del factor VIII. El primer caso presentó una neoplasia y el segundo estaba en el puerperio, como factores de riesgo. La gravedad de la condición y el riesgo de complicaciones o muerte hicieron necesaria la atención en una unidad de cuidados intensivos.

Conclusiones: La HAA es una condición clínica rara y de alta mortalidad. En pacientes en estado crítico con hemorragia persistente y alteraciones de las pruebas de coagulación debe ser considerada como parte del diagnóstico diferencial. Su manejo es multidisciplinario y los tratamientos hemostático e inmunosupresor deben ser administrados de manera temprana.

 

Abstract

Background: Acquired hemophilia type A (AHA) is a rare and deadly condition. It is caused by autoantibodies to factor VIII. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge with the potential development of complications, which can put at risk the life of the person presenting it.

Case reports: We present two cases of patients that have bleeding and bleeding disorders, with the diagnosis of AHA diagnosed by activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged in isolated form, late correction with plasma, presence of factor VIII inhibitor of coagulation and decreased activity of factor VIII. The first case had a neoplasm and the second was in the puerperium, as risk factors. The severity of the condition and the risk of complications and/ or death make it necessary to receive care in an intensive care unit.

Conclusions: AHA is a rare clinical condition with high mortality. In patients in critical condition with persistent hemorrhage and alterations in the coagulation tests, it should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis. The management of this entity is multidisciplinary, and hemostatic and immunosuppressive treatments must be provided early.


Palabras clave


Hemofilia A; Enfermedad Crítica; Hemorragia; Inmunosupresores / Hemophilia A; Critical Illness; Hemorrhage; Immunosuppressive Agents

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000039

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