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Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la epidemia COVID-19 en México: caso Quintana Roo / Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Mexico: Quintana Roo case
Resumen
Resumen
Objetivo: identificar factores de riesgo para desenlace por COVID-19 grave en pacientes mexicanos del estado de Quintana Roo, en México.
Material y métodos: estudio de 5,916 pacientes, quienes cumplieron criterios de casos sospechosos de COVID-19, de los que 2531 fueron confirmados por pruebas qrTPCR-SARS-CoV-2, resultando 1486 positivos, de entre los cuales se clasificó en hospitalizados (COVID-19 grave) y ambulatorios. Se realizó análisis de regresión logística multivariada para explorar los factores asociados con la gravedad de COVID-19 y defunción como desenlaces clínicos. Se calculó el número básico de reproducción (R0)
Resultados: los pacientes positivos a SARS-CoV-2 presentaron alta prevalencia de hipertensión (29.1%), diabetes (23.5%), obesidad (24%) y el 48.5% tenía al menos una enfermedad crónica. Existe alto riesgo de severidad para COVID-19 en pacientes con diabetes, hipertensión, obesidad, enfermedad renal, mayores de 65 años y del sexo masculino. Estos factores también incrementan el riesgo de defunción hasta 7.7 veces. El R0 máximo durante la epidemia fue de 2.4.
Conclusión: la enfermedad hepática, renal, diabetes, hipertensión y obesidad se asocian significativamente a COVID-19 severo y defunción.
Abstract
Background: To identify risk factors for the outcome of severe COVID-19 in Mexican patients from the state of Quintana Roo, in Mexico.
Material and methods: Study of 5,916 patients, who met the criteria for suspected cases of COVID-19, of which 2,531 were confirmed by qrTPCR-SARS-CoV-2 tests, resulting in 1,486 positives, among whom were classified as hospitalized (COVID -19 serious) and outpatients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 and death as clinical outcomes. The basic reproduction number (R0) was calculated.
Results: SARS-CoV-2 positive patients had a high prevalence of hypertension (29.1%), diabetes (23.5%), obesity (24%) and 48.5% had at least one chronic disease. There is a high risk of severity for COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, obesity, kidney disease, older than 65 years and male. These factors also increase the risk of death up to 7.7 times. The maximum R0 during the epidemic was 2.4.
Conclusion: Liver and kidney diseases, diabetes, hypertension and obesity are significantly associated with severe COVID-19 and death.
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