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Uso de plantas medicinales en pacientes con síntomas de ansiedad generalizada
Resumen
Introducción: la ansiedad es uno de los trastornos mentales más comunes. Incide en la pérdida de productividad, la afectación de la calidad de vida y el aumento en el gasto de la atención médica. El estudio de especies vegetales con propiedades medicinales para tratar la ansiedad ha progresado, al evaluarse con estudios in vitro, in vivo y clínicos
Objetivo: identificar el uso de plantas medicinales en pacientes con síntomas de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG).
Material y métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario diagnóstico que incluía la Escala para ansiedad generalizada de Hamilton y otro relacionado con el uso de plantas medicinales. Se diseñó ex profeso para personas que acuden a consulta a un hospital del IMSS o sus acompañantes (si eran derechohabientes).
Resultados: participaron 985 personas, 802 mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 37.1 ± 15.17; en 95.9% (940) se identificaron síntomas de ansiedad; el 53.1% (523) de los encuestados pudo haber estado padeciendo un grado de ansiedad moderada o severa. Del total, 23.09% (187) usaban plantas medicinales para tratar sus síntomas. Se identificaron 39 especies vegetales que empleaban los pacientes con síntomas de TAG. De ellas, 76.3% (29) tenía antecedentes de uso etnomédico en trastornos mentales.
Conclusiones: un alto porcentaje de la población en México presenta síntomas de TAG. Un número importante de los pacientes usa plantas medicinales para tratar los síntomas de ansiedad, aun cuando no saben que su sintomatología es parte de un desorden mental.
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