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Ensayo clínico sobre estimulación de la succión en prematuros mediante reacciones neuromotrices / Clinical trial on stimulation of suction in preterm cases using neuromotor reactions
Resumen
Resumen
Introducción: La succión nutritiva es un hito importante para poder alimentarse correctamente el neonato. Aquellos nacidos prematuros no tienen desarrollada esta habilidad por lo que se han diseñado diferentes formas para estimular su aparición.
Objetivo: Comprobar si la estimulación de los reflejos orales innatos, a través de las reacciones neuromotrices disminuyen el tiempo para adquirir la succión nutritiva.
Pacientes y métodos: Se estudiaron neonatos nacidos antes de la 34 semana de gestación y alimentados mediante sonda por succión ineficaz. El grupo control estuvo constituido por los recién nacidos con las mismas características nacidos durante el año 2016. El grupo experimental fue estimulado mediante las reacciones neuromotrices hasta la retirada de la sonda. Las variables observadas fueron el tiempo de transición a la alimentación oral completa, peso, talla y perímetro craneal al alta, saturación periférica de oxígeno y frecuencia cardiaca antes y después de la intervención, así como la calidad de la succión mediante la escala ECLES.
Resultados: Un total de 23 bebés completaron el estudio en el grupo de intervención y 25 en el grupo de control histórico. Los niños del grupo intervenido mostraron una transición acelerada a la alimentación oral independiente y valores más elevados de altura (p = .01), peso (p<.001) y perímetro craneal (p= .04) en el momento del alta hospitalaria.
La edad gestacional al alta y la duración total de la hospitalización no mostraron diferencias entre grupos (p>.05).
Conclusiones: La estimulación mediante las reacciones neuromotrices disminuye el tiempo necesario para alcanzar la succión nutritiva en los pretérmino.
Abstract
Background: Nutritive suction is an important milestone for correct newborn feeding. Premature infants do not develop this ability therefore, several proposals for their appearance have being designed.
Objective: Assess whether the stimulation of the innate oral reflexes using neuromotor reactions reduces the time to acquire sucking behavior.
Material and methods: Newborns before 34 weeks of gestation, fed by tube feeding due to an ineffective suction, were studied. Control group consisted of newborns with the same characteristics born during 2016. Experimental group was stimulated by neuromotor reactions until the tube feeding was retired. Observed variables included transition time to complete oral feeding, weight, height and cranial perimeter at discharge, peripheral oxygen saturation and heart rate before and after intervention, as well as quality of suction behavior using ECLES scale.
Results: A total of 23 babies from intervention group completed the study, and 25 from historical control group. Children of intervention group showed an accelerated transition to independent oral feeding and higher values of height (p = 0.01), weight (p < 0.001) and cranial perimeter (p = 0.04), at the time of hospital discharge. Gestational age at discharge and total duration of hospitalization did not show differences between groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Oral stimuli intervention by means of neuromotor reactions reduced the time necessary to reach suction behavior in preterm babies.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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