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Revisión del monitoreo farmacocinético del 5-fluorouracilo como herramienta para incrementar eficacia y seguridad
Resumen
Los más recientes avances en la medicina han evidenciado los factores pronósticos y predictivos en las respuestas a distintos tratamientos médicos: los marcadores clínicos y biológicos. El éxito del tratamiento en los pacientes está principalmente influenciado por la edad, el sexo y la genética de los sujetos. En particular, la variabilidad genética individual juega un papel primordial en la determinación de la eficacia y la seguridad del medicamento, así como en la misma susceptibilidad a la enfermedad y su desarrollo. Afortunadamente, la medicina personalizada ha logrado diseñar estrategias para atender de forma única los padecimientos de cada paciente con base en sus características propias. Esta nueva forma de tratar al paciente es crucial en la oncología, debido principalmente a la toxicidad de los tratamientos y a la revelación de la falta de eficacia asociada a bajas concentraciones séricas derivada de una dosificación estándar. Esta nueva aproximación al padecimiento ofrece esperanzas para mejorar la terapéutica del cáncer, para el cual el tratamiento estandarizado resulta desalentador hasta el momento. Esta revisión responde a la necesidad de difundir la importancia de la medicina personalizada basada en el monitoreo farmacocinético para lograr una adecuada eficacia y seguridad del medicamento citotóxico 5-fluorouracilo (5-FU). Asimismo, se intenta informar de la influencia de la farmacogenómica en la seguridad en el uso de este medicamento. Nuestro reporte está dirigido a los médicos que día a día tienen que tomar decisiones, junto con sus pacientes, sobre el tratamiento con 5-FU.
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Referencias
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