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Predictores de calidad de vida y diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en Latinoamérica: revisión sistemática / Predictors of quality of life and type 1 diabetes mellitus in Latin America: systematic review
Resumen
Resumen:
La diabetes mellitus es un grave problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Es una enfermedad metabólica de predominio en la infancia y se caracteriza por la persistencia de una glucemia elevada como consecuencia de un déficit en la secreción o en la acción de la insulina. Es de evolución crónica e impacta en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Con el fin de describir los predictores de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en los países latinoamericanos se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada en las bases de datos PubMed, Redalyc, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science con los términos “SF-36”, “WHOQOL” y “diabetes”. Se identificaron 2168 artículos, de los cuales solo cinco fueron incluidos en el análisis cualitativo. Se encontró que la comorbilidad y las complicaciones disminuyen la calidad de vida de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1, y que factores como la adecuada adherencia terapéutica, el buen control metabólico y el bienestar psicosocial y emocional impactan positivamente en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. La comorbilidad y las complicaciones que presentan los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 son los principales predictores de mala calidad de vida.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem worldwide. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which prevails in childhood; it is characterized by the persistence of high levels of glucose in the blood as a consequence of a deficit in the secretion or in the action of insulin. Type 1 diabetes mellitus has a chronic evolution and impacts the quality of life of patients. In order to describe the predictors of quality of life of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Latin American countries, a systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Redalyc, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases with the terms “SF-36”, “WHOQOL” and “diabetes”. A total of 2168 articles were identified, out of which only five were included in the qualitative analysis. It was found that comorbidities and complications decrease the quality of life of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and factors such as adequate therapeutic adherence, good metabolic control, psychosocial and emotional well-being have a positive impact on the quality of life of these patients. Comorbidities and complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are the main predictors of poor quality of life.
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Referencias
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