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Manejo clínico de casos pediátricos de COVID-19 / Clinical management of COVID-19 paediatric cases
Resumen
Resumen
El 9 de enero de 2020 fue anunciado un nuevo virus como la causa de un brote de neumonía grave en Wuhan, China. El 11 de marzo, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, virus causante de la enfermedad COVID-19. El virus se transmite por gotas, contacto y por vía aérea en procedimientos que generan aerosoles. En el caso de los niños, la fuente de contagio casi siempre es un contacto intradomiciliario. En los pacientes pediátricos, la enfermedad tiene un curso leve, incluso en los menores de un año. Los principales síntomas son: fiebre, tos seca o productiva, cefalea, malestar general y dificultad respiratoria, que es un signo de gravedad. El período de incubación es de 1 a 12.5 días (media 5-6). El grupo de edad más afectado son los escolares. La enfermedad puede presentarse como un cuadro leve de infección aguda de vías aéreas superiores o como neumonía. Muy pocos casos progresan a neumonía grave y a complicaciones como síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo, choque y falla multiorgánica. Aún no hay tratamiento antiviral específico aprobado para su uso en niños. El presente documento tiene como objetivo guiar el manejo de los pacientes pediátricos sospechosos o confirmados de COVID-19.
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses present in different species of animals, which can infect humans, causing epidemics and pandemics. On January 9th, 2020, a new virus was announced as the cause of an outbreak of severe pneumonia in Wuhan, China. On March 11th, WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the disease was called COVID-19. The virus is transmitted by droplets, contact and airborne during aerosol-generating procedures. In almost all pediatric cases a household contact was the source of infection. Unlike adults, the disease in children has a mild course, even in those under one year of age. The main symptoms are fever, dry or productive cough, headache, general discomfort, and shortness of breath, which is a sign of severity. The incubation period is 1-12.5 days (media 5-6 days). The most affected age group are school children. The disease may present as a mild acute upper airway infection, or as pneumonia. Very few cases progress to severe pneumonia and other complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock and multiorgan failure. There is not yet a specific antiviral treatment approved for use in children. This document aims to guide the management of suspected or confirmed pediatric patients of COVID-19.
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Referencias
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000136
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