ISSN: 0443-511
e-ISSN: 2448-5667
Usuario/a
Idioma
Herramientas del artículo
Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico (Inicie sesión)
Enviar un correo electrónico al autor/a (Inicie sesión)
Tamaño de fuente

Open Journal Systems

Enfermedad por COVID-19 durante el embarazo: una narrativa / COVID-19 during pregnancy: a narrative

María Guadalupe Berumen-Lechuga, Carlos José Molina-Pérez, Alfredo Leaños-Miranda

Resumen


Resumen

Identificada por primera vez en diciembre de 2019 en Wuhan, China, la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una grave emergencia de salud pública, en especial para poblaciones vulnerables. Las mujeres embarazadas y sus fetos son población de alto riesgo. Su frecuencia de contagio es muy alta y tienen mayor riesgo debido a los cambios en el sistema inmunológico. Se dispone de datos limitados sobre COVID-19 durante el embarazo. Por lo tanto, se buscaron los artículos publicados de diciembre de 2019 al 30 de mayo de 2020 en PubMed, Embase y Web of Science; se utilizaron los términos MeSH COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV. Se incluyeron 39 artículos que revelaron que los síntomas clínicos son similares a los de la población general y pueden complicarse con neumonía atípica. Solo una muerte materna fue reportada. El sufrimiento fetal, la prematurez y el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria son frecuentes en los recién nacidos; una muerte intrauterina y una muerte perinatal fueron reportadas. El signo más encontrado fue la fiebre (77-86%). Las principales complicaciones materno-perinatales fueron la prematurez (47%) y la neumonía (40%); mientras que la enfermedad grave fue poco frecuente (4.4%) y similar a la reportada en población general (5%); la vía de interrupción más frecuente fue la cesárea en el 89% de los casos. La transmisión materno-fetal no se descarta, pues el 8.5% (4/47) de los casos incluidos tuvo prueba positiva a SARS-CoV-2. Se requieren más investigaciones en el tema y protocolos de manejo en el embarazo con búsqueda intencionada de transmisión al recién nacido.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in December 2019, in Wuhan, China, and it is a serious public health emergency, particularly to vulnerable populations. Pregnant women and their fetuses represent high-risk population during outbreaks of infectious diseases. They have very high risk of infection, due to changes in their immune system. Limited data are available on COVID-19 during pregnancy. Therefore, we searched articles published between December 2019 and May 30, 2020, in three databases: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, using MeSH words COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and 2019-nCoV. 39 articles were included, and they revealed that clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women are not different from those of general population, and they can turn into atypical pneumonia. Only one maternal death was reported. Fetal distress, prematurity, and respiratory distress syndrome are frequent in newborns; one intrauterine death and one perinatal death were reported. The most frequent sign found was fever (77-86%). The main maternal perinatal complications were prematurity (47%) and pneumonia (40%); serious illness was rare (4.4%) and similar to the reported in the general population (5%); the most frequent route of interruption was cesarean section in 89% of the cases. Maternal-fetal transmission is not ruled out, since 8.5% (4/47) of the included cases had positive SARS-CoV-2 tests. More research is needed on the subject and management protocols in pregnancy with intentional search for transmission to the newborn.


Palabras clave


Infecciones por Coronavirus; Embarazo; Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 / Coronavirus Infections; Pregnancy; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Texto completo:

HTML PDF

Referencias


 

Coronavirus Disease 2019: Coronaviruses and Blood Safety. Transfus Med Rev. 2020;34(2):75-80. doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.02.003

 

Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu YJ, Mao YP, Ye RX, Wang QZ, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9:29.

 

Fehr AR, Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: Emergence of a Pathogenic Human Coronavirus. Annu Rev Med. 2017;68:387-99.

 

US records 1,225 coronavirus deaths in 24 hours: Johns Hopkins. Medical Xpress [Internet]. 2020 May 30. Disponible en https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-05-coronavirus-deaths-hours-johns-hopkins.html

 

Dashraath P, Wong JLJ, Lim MXK, Lim LM, Li S, Biswas A, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222(6):521-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.021.

 

Schwartz DA, Graham AL. Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2) Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections. Viruses. 2020;12(2):194.

 

Favre G, Pomar L, Musso D, Baud D. 2019-nCoV epidemic: what about pregnancies? Lancet. 2020;395(10224):e40.

 

Qiao, J. What are the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women? Lancet. 2020;395:760-2.

 

Rasmussen SA, Smulian JC, Lednicky JA, Wen TS, Jamieson DJ. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 24]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;S0002-9378(20)30197-6. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017.

 

Peyronnet V, Sibiude J, Deruelle P, Huissoud C, Lescure X, Lucet JC, et al. [SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy. Information and Proposal of Management Care. CNGOF] Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol. 2020;48(5):436-43. doi: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.03.014.

 

Di Mascio D, Khalil A, Saccone G, Rizzo G, Buca D, Liberati M, et al. Outcome of Coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID 1 -19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;2(2). doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100107

 

Schwartz DA. An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2020. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0901-sa

 

Mullins E, Evans D, Viner RM, O’Brien P, Morris E. Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;55(5):586-592. doi: 10.1002/uog.22014.

 

Karimi-Zarchi M, Neamatzadeh H, Dastgheib SA, Abbasi H, Mirjalili SR, Behforouz A, et al. Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) From Infected Pregnant Mothers to Neonates: A Review. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2020;39(3):246-250. doi: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1747120.

 

Zaigham M, Andersson O. Maternal and perinatal outcomes with COVID-19: A systematic review of 108 pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 99(7):823 9. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13867

 

Liu Y, Chen H, Tang K, Guo Y. Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. J Infect . 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.028.

 

Yu N, Li W, Kang Q, Xiong Z, Wang S, Lin X, et al. Clinical Features and Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnant Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective, Single-Centre, Descriptive Study. Lancet Infect Dis . 2020;20(5):559-64. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30176-6.

 

Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020;395(10226):809-15.

 

Liu D, Li L, Wu X, Zheng D, Wang J, Yang L, et al. Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes of Women With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Preliminary Analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;215(1):127-132. doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.23072.

 

Wen R, Sun P, Xing QS. A Patient with SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Pregnancy in Qingdao, China. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020 Jun;53(3):499-500.

 

Wang X, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Zhu F, Tang Y, Shen X. A Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a Pregnant Woman With Preterm Delivery. Clin Infect Dis . 2020;ciaa200. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa200.

 

Chen S, Liao E, Cao D, Gao Y, Sun G, Shao Y. Clinical analysis of pregnant women with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Med Virol. 2020.

 

Gidlöf S, Savchenko J, Brune T, Josefsson H. COVID-19 in pregnancy with comorbidities: More liberal testing strategy is needed. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99(7):948-9. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13862.

 

De Socio GV, Malincarne L, Arena S, Troiani S, Benedetti S, Camilloni B, et al. Delivery in asymptomatic Italian woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mediterr. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2020 May 1;12(1):e2020033. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2020.033.

 

Iqbal SN, Overcash R, Mokhtari N, Saeed H, Gold S, Auguste T, et al. An Uncomplicated Delivery in a Patient with Covid-19 in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020: NEJMc2007605. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2007605

 

Zambrano LI, Fuentes-Barahona IC, Bejarano-Torres DA, Bustillo C, Gonzales G, Vallecillo-Chinchilla G, et al. A Pregnant Woman With COVID-19 in Central America. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;101639. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101639.

 

Wang S, Guo L, Chen L, Liu W, Cao Y, Zhang J, et al. A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 12:ciaa225. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa225.

 

Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G, et al. Clinical Analysis of 10 Neonates Born to Mothers With 2019-nCoV Pneumonia. Transl Pediatr. 2020;9(1):51-60. doi: 10.21037/tp.2020.02.06.

 

Rasmussen SA, Smulian JC, Lednicky JA, Wen TS, Jamieson DJ. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What Obstetricians Need to Know. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222(5):415-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017.

 

Fan C, Lei D, Fang C, Li C, Wang M, Liu Y, et al. Perinatal Transmission of COVID-19 Associated SARS-CoV-2: Should We Worry? Clin Infect Dis . 2020 Mar 17;ciaa226. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa226.

 

Li Y, Zhao R, Zheng S, Chen X, Wang J, Sheng X, et al. Lack of Vertical Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, China. Emerg Infect Dis . 2020;26(6):1335-6. doi: 10.3201/eid2606.200287.

 

Rasmussen SA, Jamieson DJ. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: Responding to a Rapidly Evolving Situation. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(5):999-1002. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003873.

 

Zeng L, Xia S, Yuan W, Yan K, Xiao F, Shao J, et al. Neonatal Early-Onset Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;e200878. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0878.

 

Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH, Lee S, Kim HS, Myoung J, et al. Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;30(3):313-24. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03011.

 

Panahi L, Amiri M, Pouy S. Risks of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Pregnancy; a Narrative Review. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020;8(1):e34.

 

Qi H, Luo X, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Li J, Zou L, et al. Safe Delivery for COVID-19 Infected Pregnancies. BJOG. 2020 Jul;127(8):927-929. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16231.

 

Fakari FR, Simbar M. Coronavirus Pandemic and Worries during Pregnancy; a Letter to Editor. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020;8(1):e21.

 

Xia H, Zhao S, Wu Z, Luo H, Zhou C, Chen X. Emergency Caesarean Delivery in a Patient With Confirmed COVID-19 Under Spinal Anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2020;124(5):e216-e218. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.02.016.

 

Chen D, Yang H, Cao Y, Cheng W, Duan T, Fan C, et al. Expert Consensus for Managing Pregnant Women and Neonates Born to Mothers With Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020;149(2):130-6. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13146.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000130

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.