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Patrones alimentarios de mujeres argentinas durante el puerperio en relación con factores socioeconómicos y sanitarios / Food patterns in Argentinian women related to socioeconomic and health factors during puerperium

Mariela Valentina Cortez, Agustín Ramiro Miranda, Ana Veronica Scotta, Laura Rosana Aballay, Elio Andrés Soria

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: las elecciones alimentarias afectan la salud de las mujeres, cuyos requerimientos nutricionales varían durante el ciclo vital. No obstante, en Argentina se desconocen los alimentos elegidos por las mujeres durante el puerperio.

Objetivo: identificar los patrones alimentarios de mujeres argentinas durante el puerperio y su relación con las características socioeconómicas y sanitarias.

Método: se realizó un estudio transversal con 249 participantes, quienes respondieron sobre su frecuencia alimentaria. Se determinaron patrones por análisis factorial, cuya adherencia fue asociada a diferentes variables mediante correlación de Spearman y análisis multivariados.

Resultados: el análisis reveló tres patrones: macronutricional (PM), fitoquímico (PF) y energético (PE). Tener antecedentes familiares de enfermedades cardiometabólicas y realizar actividad física se asociaron con mayor adherencia al PM (razón de momios [RM]  = 2.69 y 2.68, respectivamente). Las mujeres sin empleo formal tuvieron menor adherencia al PF (RM = 0.49). Un bajo nivel educacional incrementó la adherencia al PE (RM = 2.20). El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se asoció inversamente al PF (rho = −0.16). El análisis de correspondencia reveló que la alta adherencia al PM y al PF, junto con una baja adherencia al PE, se asociaron con empleo formal, mayor nivel educativo, adecuada actividad física, lMC normal y una dieta diversa.

Conclusiones: las elecciones alimentarias estuvieron condicionadas por los antecedentes familiares patológicos, la actividad física, el empleo y el nivel educacional, identificándose tres patrones alimentarios propios de las mujeres, lo que constituye una contribución original para futuros abordajes nutricionales.

Abstract

Introduction: Food choices and nutritional requirements of women, which vary throughout their life cycle, are unknown for Argentinian women.

Objective: To identify Argentinian women’s dietary patterns and their relation to socioeconomic and health characteristics, during puerperium.

Method: The food intake of 249 puerperal women was assessed for a cross-sectional study. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis, whose adherence was associated with different variables through Spearman’s correlation and multivariate analyses.

Results: Three patterns were revealed: macronutritional (MP), phytochemical (PP) and energetic (EP). Physical activity and family history of cardiometabolic diseases were positively associated to MP adherence (odds ratio [OR] = 2.69 and 2.68, respectively). Women without formal employment adhered less to PP (OR = 0.49). Low educational level increased adherence to EP (OR = 2.20). Body mass index correlated  inversely to PP (rho = −0.16). Correspondence analysis revealed that high adherence to MP and PP were associated with formal employment, high educational level, adequate physical activity, normal body mass index and a diverse diet.

Conclusion: Food choices were conditioned by family disease, physical activity, employment, and educational level. We identified three dietary patterns in postpartum women, which constitute an original contribution to future nutritional approaches.


Palabras clave


Análisis Factorial; Preferencias Alimentarias; Evaluación Nutricional; / epidemiología; Mujeres // Factor Analysis, Statistical; Food Preferences; Nutrition Assessment; / epidemiology; Women

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M21000047

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