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El papel de los Linfocitos T en la Infección por SARS-CoV-2 / The role of T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Resumen
Resumen
Los linfocitos T se caracterizan por tener un papel esencial en el control de infecciones virales agudas. La infección por SARS‑CoV‑2 es una infección viral aguda que afecta principalmente el tracto respiratorio y causa la enfermedad COVID‑19, la cual cursa con síntomas leves, moderados y críticos que pueden llevar a la muerte del paciente. La inducción de poblaciones de linfocitos T CD4+ y CD8+ con fenotipos de memoria funcionales podrían ser esenciales en el control de la replicación viral y, por lo tanto, determinantes en el curso de la enfermedad. En este artículo de opinión revisaremos las evidencias reportadas en cuanto a la presencia, fenotipo y función de las poblaciones de linfocitos T en circulación y en el sitio de infección para entender su posible papel en el control de la replicación viral, en la severidad de la enfermedad y la importancia de la protección mediada por linfocitos T en el desarrollo de vacunas contra la infección por SARS‑CoV‑2.
Abstract
T lymphocytes (or T cells) are characterized by having an essential role in the control of acute viral infections. SARS-CoV-2 infection is an acute viral infection that mainly affects the respiratory tract causing COVID-19 disease, which presents with mild, moderate and critical symptoms that can lead to the death of the patient. The induction of populations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell with a functional memory phenotype could be decisive in the control of viral replication and therefore be determinants in the course of the disease. In this opinion article, we will review the reported evidence regarding the presence, phenotype, and function of circulating T cell populations and the site of infection to understand their possible role in controlling viral replication, in the severity of the disease, and the importance of T-cell-mediated protection in the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000144
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