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Panorama de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial en el sureste de México / Overview of the interstitial lung disease in the Southeast of Mexico

Julia Carel Martínez-Ponce, Mayra Mejía-Ávila, Saúl Vázquez-López, Yuri Nohemí Pou-Aguilar, Diana Lizbeth Ortiz-Farias, Arturo Cortes-Telles

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPI) corresponde a un grupo heterogéneo de patologías que difieren en su etiología pero tienen manifestaciones clínicas y radiológicas comunes. En Latinoamérica y México los reportes son escasos, enfatizando la necesidad de estudios que permitan conocer su escenario clínico-epidemiológico.

Objetivo: realizar un análisis multidimensional y contrastado de la EPI en la población de la Península de Yucatán.

Método: estudio observacional, prospectivo, analítico y descriptivo, que incluye la totalidad de pacientes diagnosticados de EPI en un período de 4 años. Se registraron datos demográficos y clínicos, pruebas de función pulmonar, imagenología del tórax, perfil inmunológico y ecocardiografía transtorácica. Se analizaron las diferencias según la etiología mediante análisis de la varianza de una sola vía (ANOVA).

Resultados: se incluyeron 110 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 60 años y predominio del sexo femenino. La causa principal de la EPI fue relacionada con enfermedad del tejido conectivo. El subanálisis de grupos mostró que la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (FPI) es frecuente en los varones con antecedente de tabaquismo y patrón tomográfico de neumonía intersticial usual. Las pruebas de función pulmonar demostraron restricción pulmonar moderadamente grave (FVC 55%p) e hipoxemia leve (PaO2 79 mmHg). La positividad de anticuerpos antinucleares ocurre en menor proporción en la FPI (20 vs. 65%, p = 0.006).

Conclusiones: en el sureste de México, la EPI ocurre en mujeres de la séptima década de la vida y se relaciona con enfermedad del tejido conectivo. Nuestros resultados respaldan que la EPI tiene expresión heterogénea y se requieren estudios subsecuentes sobre cada tipo de enfermedad.

Abstract

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) corresponds to a heterogeneous group of pathologies that differ in etiology with common clinical and radiological manifestations. In Latin America and Mexico, reports are scarce and the need for studies to understand the scenario is emphasized.

Objective: To analyze a multidimensional profile in patients with interstitial lung disease in Yucatan.

Method: This is an observational, prospective, analytic, descriptive study including consecutive patients diagnosed with ILD over a 4-year period. Demographic and clinical data, lung function tests, chest imaging, serum immunological profile, and echocardiographic findings were recorded. Differences between subgroups were analyzed performing a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: 110 patients were included. The median age was 60 years and women were most affected. The main cause of ILD was related with connective tissue diseases (CTD). A group subanalysis revealed that Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was common in males with a history of smoking and an imaging pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. Lung function tests showed a moderate-to-severe pulmonary restriction (FVC 55%p) and mild hypoxemia (PaO2 79mmHg). Positive antinuclear antibodies are less likely in cases with IPF (20 vs. 65%; p = 0.006). 

Conclusion: In Southeastern Mexico, ILD occurs in women in their seventh decade of life; the most common cause is related with CTD. Our results support that ILD has a heterogeneous expression and is relevant the need for subsequent studies characterizing each ILD.


Palabras clave


Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales; México; Neumonía Intersticial / Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Mexico; Interstitial Pneumonia

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M21000052

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