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Diabetes insípida adípsica en paciente posoperado de macroadenoma hipofisiario / Adipsic diabetes insipidus patient in postoperative pituitary macroadenoma

Víctor Raúl García-Ruiz, Jacsel Suárez-Rojas, Julio César Álvarez-Gamero, José Luis Paz-Ibarra

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: La diabetes insípida adípsica es una condición rara, secundaria a una lesión de los osmorreceptores del área hipotalámica anterior. Solo se han publicado dos casos secundarios a cirugía de tumor hipofisiario.

Caso clínico: Varón de 43 años, posoperado de macroadenoma hipofisiario no funcionante que invadía el tercer ventrículo y comprimía el hipotálamo. Reoperado por cefalea y rinorraquia, desarrolla en el posoperatorio diabetes insípida; es dado de alta con desmopresina nasal (20 µg/día). Acude de nuevo por trastorno del sensorio e hipernatremia, que se logra controlar con hidratación intravenosa y desmopresina. Cursa con recurrencia de la hipernatremia cada vez que se suspende la hidratación intravenosa e inicia la vía oral. Con valores de sodio elevados se objetiva la ausencia de sed. Se hace diagnóstico de diabetes insípida adípsica y se indica la administración supervisada de agua por vía oral, con evolución favorable.

Conclusiones: La diabetes insípida adípsica es una variante rara de diabetes insípida central causada por un daño en los osmorreceptores del hipotálamo. Se manifiesta con ausencia de percepción de sed, hipernatremia y poliuria. Su manejo es complejo y requiere un control estricto del balance hídrico y adherencia al tratamiento.

Abstract

Background: Adipsic diabetes insipidus is a rare condition secondary to injury to osmoreceptors in the anterior hypothalamic area. Only two cases have been published secondary to pituitary tumor surgery.

Case report: A 43-year-old man, postoperative of a non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma invading the third ventricle and compressing the hypothalamus. Reoperated for headache and rhinorrhachia, developing diabetes insipidus in the postoperative period was discharged with 20 µg/day nasal desmopressin. He came again due to sensorial disorder and hypernatremia, managing to control with intravenous hydration and desmopressin. It presents with recurrence of hypernatremia every time intravenous hydration is suspended and taken orally. With high sodium levels, there is an absence of thirst. A diagnosis of adipsic diabetes insipidus is made, indicating supervised administration of water orally with favorable evolution.

Conclusions: Adipsic diabetes insipidus is a rare variant of central diabetes insipidus caused by damage to osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus. It manifests with absence of perception of thirst, hypernatremia and polyuria. Its management is complex and requires strict control of the water balance and adherence to treatment.


Palabras clave


Diabetes Insípida; Sed; Enfermedades de la Hipófisis; Hipernatremia / Diabetes Insipidus; Thirst; Pituitary Diseases; Hypernatremia

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Referencias


 

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000108

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