ISSN: 0443-511
e-ISSN: 2448-5667
Usuario/a
Idioma
Herramientas del artículo
Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico (Inicie sesión)
Enviar un correo electrónico al autor/a (Inicie sesión)
Tamaño de fuente

Open Journal Systems

Trombocitopenia inmune secundaria a COVID-19: reporte de un caso / Immune thrombocytopenia secondary to COVID-19: a case report

Carlos Adrián Pérez-Martínez, Brandon Enrique Casados-Rodriguez, Fernando Padilla-Santamaría

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: el virus del SARS-CoV-2, el cual surgió a finales de 2019 en la provincia de Wuhan, China, ha mostrado un espectro amplio de manifestaciones, algunas de las cuales comparte con algunos trastornos autoinmunes. La asociación del SARS-CoV-2 con la trombocitopenia inmune (TIP) es hasta ahora poco entendida, pues todavía no se conocen los mecanismos que expliquen la compleja relación entre estos dos estados protrombóticos.

Caso clínico: se presenta el caso de una mujer de 66 años, sin antecedentes crónicos, que acudió al Servicio de Urgencias por sintomatología respiratoria. Se realizó prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa reversa, la cual fue positiva para SARS-CoV-2. En los estudios de laboratorio se encontró trombocitopenia aislada que se protocolizó, por lo que se descartaron otras causas de esta y se diagnosticó TIP secundaria a COVID-19. Se inició tratamiento con esteroides intravenosos y se obtuvo una respuesta completa.

Conclusiones: la asociación de TIP y COVID-19 es hasta ahora poco clara y plantea retos en el tratamiento. Los esteroides continúan siendo de primera elección con la indicación de disminuir su dosis y duración a las mínimas necesarias. Otros tratamientos de segunda línea plantean más dudas que respuestas en el contexto de esta pandemia.

Abstract

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan province, China, has shown a wide spectrum of manifestations, some of which it shares with some autoimmune disorders. Until now, the association of SARS-CoV-2 with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is poorly understood, since the mechanisms that explain the complex relationship between these two prothrombotic states are still unknown.

Clinical case: It is presented the case of a 66-year-old woman, with no chronic disease history, who arrived at the Emergency Department due to respiratory symptoms. It was carried out a polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcriptase, which was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Isolated thrombocytopenia was found in laboratory studies, which was protocolized by ruling out other causes and finally diagnosing ITP secondary to COVID-19. Intravenous steroids treatment was given observing a complete recovery in platelet levels.

Conclusions: Until now, the association of IPT and COVID-19 is unclear and presents challenges in treatment. Steroids continue to be the first choice with the indication to reduce their dose and duration to the minimum necessary. Other second-line treatments present more questions than answers in the context of this pandemic.


Palabras clave


Infecciones por Coronavirus; Trombocitopenia; Pandemias; COVID-19 / Coronavirus Infections; Thrombocytopenia; Pandemics; COVID-19

Texto completo:

PDF HTML

Referencias


 

Misra DP, Agarwal V, Gasparyan AY, Zimba O. Rheumatologists’ perspective on coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39:2055-62. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05073-9.

 

Neunert C, Terrell DR, Arnold DM, Buchanan G, Cines DB, Cooper N, et al. American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2019;3(23):3829-66. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000966.

 

McMillan R, Wang L, Tomer A, Nichol J, Pistillo J. Suppression of in vitro megakaryocyte production by antiplatelet autoantibodies from adult patients with chronic ITP. Blood. 2004;103(4):1364-9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2672.

 

Al-Samkari H, Karp Leaf RS, Dzik WH, Carlson JCT, Fogerty AE, Waheed A, et al. COVID-19 and coagulation: bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARSCoV-2 infection. Blood. 2020;136(4):489-500. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020006520.

 

Abrahamson PE, Hall SA, Feudjo-Tepie M, Mitrani-Gold FS, Logie J. The incidence of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura among adults: A population-based study and literature review. Eur J Haematol. 2009;83(2):83-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2009.01247.x.

 

Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.

 

Lippi G, Plebani M, Henry BM. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A  meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;506(2020):145-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.022.

 

Xu P, Zhou Q, Xu J. Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19  patients. Ann Hematol. 2020;99(6):1205-8. doi: 10.1007/s00277-020-04019-0.

 

Goeijenbier M, van Wissen M, van de Weg C, Jong E, Gerdes VEA, Meijers JCM, et al. Review: Viral Infections and Mechanisms of Thrombosis and Bleeding. J  Med Virol. 2012;84(10):1680-96. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23354.

 

Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579:270-3. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7.

 

Gorse GJ, Donovan MM, Patel GB. Antibodies to coronaviruses are higher in older compared with younger adults and binding antibodies are more sensitive than neutralizing antibodies in identifying coronavirus-associated illnesses. J Med Virol. 2020;92(5):512-7. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25715.

 

Humbert S, Razanamahery J, Payet-Revest C, Bouiller  K, Chirouze C. COVID-19 as a cause of immune thrombocytopenia. Med Mal Infect. 2020;50(5):459- 460, doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.05.003.

 

Bomhof G, Mutsaers PGNJ, Leebeek FWG, Te Boekhorst PAW, Hofland J, Croles FN, et al. COVID-19-associated immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol. 2020;190(2):e61-e64, doi: 10.1111/bjh.16850.

 

Zulfiqar A-A, Lorenzo-Villalba N, Hassler P, Andrès E. Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Patient with Covid-19. N  Engl J Med. 2020;382(18): e43. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMc2010472.

 

Murt A, Eskazan AE, Yilmaz U, Ozkan T, Ar MC. COVID-19 presenting with immune thrombocytopenia: a case report and review of the literature. J  Med Virol. 2020;1-3. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26138.

 

Chen W, Yang B, Li Z, Wang P, Chen Y, Zhou H. Sudden severe thrombocytopenia in a patient in the recovery stage of COVID-19. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7(8):e624, doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30175-7.

 

Ahmed MZ, Khakwani M, Venkatadasari I, Horgan C, Giles H, Jobanputra S, et al. Thrombocytopenia as an initial manifestation of COVID-19; case series and literature review. Br J Haematol. 2020;189(6):1057-8. doi: 10.1111/bjh.16769.

 

Matzdorff A, Meyer O, Ostermann H, Kiefel V, Eberl W, Kühne T, et al. Immune Thrombocytopenia - Current Diagnostics and Therapy: Recommendations of a Joint Working Group of DGHO, ÖGHO, SGH, GPOH, and DGTI. Oncol Res Treat. 2018;41(Supl. 5):1-30. doi: 10.1159/000492187.

 

Cooper N, Ghanima W. Immune Thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:945-55. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1810479.

 

Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Nordon C, Michel M, Viallard J-F, Adoue D, Magy-Bertrand N, et al. Immune thrombocytopenia in adults: a prospective cohort study of clinical features and predictors of outcome. Haematologica. 2016;101(9):1039-45. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2016.146373.

 

Arnold DM, Nazy I, Clare R, Jaffer AM, Aubie B, Li N, et al. Misdiagnosis of primary immune thrombocytopenia and frequency of bleeding: lessons from the McMaster ITP Registry. Blood Adv. 2017;1(25):2414-20. doi 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017010942.

 

Pavord S, Thachil J, Hunt BJ, Murphy M, Lowe G, Laffan M, et al. Practical guidance for the management of adults with immune thrombocytopenia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Haematol. 2020;189(6):1038-43. doi: 10.1111/bjh.16775.

 

Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson J, Mafham M, Bell JL, Linsell L, et al. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 — Preliminary Report. N  Engl J Med. 2020. doi 10.1056/NEJMoa2021436.

 

Xie Y, Cao S, Dong H, Li Q, Chen E, Zhang W, et al. Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19. J  Infect. 2020;81(2):318-56. doi: 10.1016/j. jinf.2020.03.044.

 

Scheffler-Mendoza S, Partida-Gaytán A, Yamazaki-Nakashimada M. Inmunoglobulina humana en inmunodeficiencias primarias. Acta Pediatr Mex. 2013;34(6):323-31. Disponible en: https://ojs.actapediatrica.org.mx/index.php/APM/article/viewFile/661/659.

 




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M20000147

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.