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Acromegalia y sus implicaciones cardiovasculares / Acromegaly and it’s cardiovascular implications
Resumen
Resumen
La acromegalia es una enfermedad crónica lentamente progresiva causada por la hipersecreción de hormona de crecimiento (GH) y consecuentemente de factor de crecimiento insulinoide tipo 1 (IGF-1), originada en el 95-98% de las ocasiones por un adenoma hipofisario secretor de GH. Existen diversas complicaciones o comorbilidad asociadas a la acromegalia, de las cuales destacan las enfermedades cardiovasculares, metabólicas y neoplásicas. Las complicaciones cardiovasculares van desde la hipertensión arterial hasta la cardiomiopatía acromegálica, y resultan de la exposición crónica a valores elevados de GH y de IGF-1. La fisiopatología de estas complicaciones es compleja e incluye tanto un aumento en la reabsorción tubular de sodio como efectos directos de la GH y del IGF-1 sobre el endotelio vascular y las células cardiacas. Con frecuencia estas alteraciones cardiovasculares ocurren simultáneamente con trastornos metabólicos como la diabetes y trastornos respiratorios como la apnea del sueño, y son agravadas por ellos. En esta breve revisión se analizan la fisiopatología, las manifestaciones clínicas y el manejo de las complicaciones cardiovasculares de la acromegalia.
Abstract
Acromegaly is a chronic and slowly progressive disease that results from the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) and consequently insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), due to a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma in 95-98% of cases. There are several complications or co-morbidities associated with acromegaly, the most frequent being cardiovascular, metabolic and neoplastic. The cardiovascular complications of acromegaly go from arterial hypertension to a peculiar form of cardiomyopathy and are the result of the long-standing exposure to high GH and IGF-1 levels. The pathophysiology of these complications is complex and includes an increased tubular reabsorption of sodium and the direct effects of GH and IGF-1 on the endothelium and the cardiac tissue itself. Frequently, the cardiovascular comorbidities of acromegaly occur concomitantly with metabolic complications such as diabetes and respiratory abnormalities such as the sleep apnea syndrome. In this brief review we analyze the pathophysiology, the clinical manifestations and the management of the cardiovascular complications of acromegaly
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Referencias
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMIMSS.M21000054
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