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Calidad de vida en cuidadores primarios de pacientes en diálisis en la ciudad de Chihuahua, México / Quality of life among primary caregivers of patients in dialysis in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico
Resumen
Resumen
Introducción: los cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCT) en diálisis sufren un proceso de erosión física-emocional derivado de las implicaciones del tratamiento y del cuidado permanente por largos periodos de tiempo.
Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida (CV) de cuidadores primarios de pacientes con ERCT en diálisis, e identificar predictores de baja CV.
Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico transversal. De mayo a septiembre de 2019 se entrevistó a 137 cuidadores y 174 pacientes residentes de la ciudad de Chihuahua de cuatro hospitales. Los instrumentos empleados incluyeron: 1) un cuestionario para datos sociodemográficos/clínicos; 2) cuestionarios SF-36 y KD-SF para evaluar CV en cuidadores y pacientes con ERCT, respectivamente; 3) la escala de sobrecarga de Zarit para cuidadores, y 4) el inventario de síntomas para ansiedad y depresión de Goldberg.
Resultados: excepto para salud mental, donde las puntuaciones medias de CV fueron similares entre pacientes, cuidadores y no cuidadores sanos de referencia externa, las medias fueron mayores en cuidadores y no cuidadores para los demás dominios. Los cuidadores tuvieron menores medias para los componentes físico y mental, en comparación con los no cuidadores sanos. La edad del cuidador, la ansiedad, el tiempo en diálisis y la CV del paciente fueron predictores de baja CV.
Conclusiones: los cuidadores de pacientes en diálisis tienen mejor calidad de vida que los pacientes, y relativamente similar a la de individuos sanos que no cuidan pacientes.
Abstract
Background: Caregivers of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in dialysis endure a process of physical/ emotional erosion derived from the implications of treatment and permanent care for prolonged periods of time.
Objective: To assess the quality of life (QoL) of primary caregivers of patients with ESRD in dialysis, and to identify predictors of low QoL.
Material and methods: Cross-sectional multicenter study. From May to September 2019, 137 caregivers and 174 patients, residents of Chihuahua city, were interviewed from four hospitals. Instruments used included: 1) questionnaire for sociodemographic/clinical data, 2) SF-36 and KD-SF to assess QoL of caregivers and patients with ESRD, respectively, 3) Zarit burden interview for caregivers, and 4) Goldberg anxiety/depression scale symptom inventory.
Results: Except for mental health, where mean QoL scores were similar between patients, caregivers, and non-caregivers, means were higher in caregivers and non-caregivers for all other domains. Caregivers showed lower summary scores compared with healthy non-caregivers in both physical and mental components. Caregiver’s age, anxiety, time in dialysis, and patient’s QoL were predictors of low QoL.
Conclusions: Caregivers of patients in dialysis have better QoL compared with patients, but relatively similar to healthy individuals who do not take care of patients.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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