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Manifestaciones oculares asociadas a CD4+ en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana / Ocular manifestations associated to CD4+ in patients with human immunodeficiency virus
Resumen
Resumen
Introducción: desde los primeros casos de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), se conocen manifestaciones oculares secundarias a la infección y estas se han relacionado con el conteo de linfocitos CD4+.
Objetivo: describir la correlación entre las manifestaciones oculares en pacientes con VIH y el conteo de linfocitos CD4+.
Material y métodos: estudio transversal analítico de pacientes con VIH, en quienes se analizó la correlación entre conteo de CD4+ y manifestaciones oftalmológicas.
Resultados: se incluyeron 21 pacientes entre 26 y 67 años de edad. Solo tres no se encontraban en terapia antirretroviral. El 67% presentó algún tipo de manifestación ocular, 42% presentó manifestaciones no relacionadas con la infección, 47% manifestaciones relacionadas y 24% ambas. La microangiopatía de la conjuntiva fue la manifestación ocular más frecuente (35.7%). Hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa (r = 0.76, p = 0.0001) entre las manifestaciones oculares relacionadas con la infección y el conteo de linfocitos CD4+.
Conclusiones: los pacientes con VIH presentan con frecuencia manifestaciones oculares, la mayoría asociadas a la infección. Existe correlación entre la presencia de estas con el conteo de CD4+; sin embargo, un número similar de manifestaciones no asociadas a la infección se presentaron sin correlación con el conteo, por lo que los pacientes con VIH deberían tener revisiones oftalmológicas periódicas, independientemente del conteo de CD4+.
Abstract
Background: Since the first cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), ocular manifestations secondary to infection have been known and these have been related to the CD4+ lymphocyte count.
Objective: To describe the correlation between ocular manifestations in patients with HIV and the CD4+ lymphocyte count.
Material and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study of patients with HIV whose CD4+ count was correlated with the presence of ophthalmological manifestations.
Results: 21 patients between 26 and 67 years were studied. Only 3 patients were not on antiretroviral therapy. 67% of the patients presented some type of ocular manifestation, 42% presented non-infection related manifestations, 47% related manifestations and 24% both. Conjunctival microangiopathy was the most frequent ocular manifestation (35.7%). There was a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.76, p = 0.0001) between eye manifestations related to infection and CD4+ lymphocyte count.
Conclusions: Patients with HIV frequently present ocular manifestations, the majority related to infection; there is a correlation between the presence of these with the CD4+ count. However, a similar number of manifestations not related to infection occurred without correlation with the count; therefore, HIV patients should have periodic ophthalmological examinations, independently of CD4+ count.
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