Resumen
Introducción: la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) tiene graves implicaciones para la salud y, asociada a la epidemia de obesidad, es una tendencia creciente.
Objetivo: detectar la presencia de hígado graso en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad, así como evaluar los factores asociados con una mayor posibilidad de presentar un resultado positivo en la detección.
Material y metódos: se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en una unidad médica del segundo nivel de atención médica en el que fueron reclutados 102 niños. Los niveles séricos de alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) fueron cuantificados y se realizaron ecografías hepáticas. Modelos de regresión logística múltiple fueron utilizados para evaluar los factores asociados con la presencia de EHGNA (infiltración grasa en la ecografía y ALT > 52U/L para niños y > 44 U/L para niñas).
Resultados: la prevalencia de EHGNA fue del 10.8%. En el análisis multivariante, una relación entre cintura y cadera ≥ 1 se asoció con una mayor posibilidad de EHNGA (razón de momios (RM) = 4.96, IC del 95%: 1.17 - 20.90). Conclusiones: nuestros hallazgos indican que uno de cada diez niños sobrepeso y obesidad tiene datos sugestivos de EHGNA y está en riesgo de presentar sus consecuencias para la salud.
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has serious health implications and upward trends of the disease, accompanied by the obesity epidemic worldwide.
Objective: To screen for fatty liver in overweight and obese children and evaluate the factors associated with an increased likelihood of presenting a positive-screen result.
Material and methods: In a cross-sectional study, 102 children were recruited at a secondary care medical unit. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were quantified and hepatic ultrasounds were performed; multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with the increased odds of presenting with NAFLD (fatty infiltration on ultrasound and ALT > 52 U/L for boys and > 44 U/L for girls).
Results: The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 10.8%. In multivariate analysis, a waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 1 was associated with increased odds of screening positive for NAFLD (odds ratio (OR) = 4.96, 95% CI 1.17-20.90).
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that one out of ten children with overweight or obesity has data suggestive of NAFLD and is at risk of presenting its consequences on health.
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