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Factores asociados a la falta de control posnatal materno / Factors associated with a lack of postnatal care

Saúl Eduardo Contreras-Sánchez, Svetlana Doubova, Martha Ivette Mejía-Chávez, Claudia Infante-Castañeda, Ricardo Pérez-Cuevas

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: el control posnatal es esencial para identificar y tratar oportunamente las afecciones de salud de la mujer en el puerperio. En México no se han documentado los factores que limitan la atención posnatal.

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a la falta de control posnatal.

Métodos: estudio transversal con 202 mujeres en edad reproductiva adscritas a seis clínicas de atención primaria del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Analizamos los siguientes factores: (i) sociodemográficos: edad, escolaridad, distancia entre domicilio y clínica de atención; (ii) psicosociales: apoyo social; (iii) gíneco-obstétricos: número de embarazos, tipo de parto, presencia de comorbilidad y sospecha de depresión; (iv) servicios de salud: control prenatal deficiente y atención hospitalaria posparto incompleta. El análisis incluyó regresión múltiple de Poisson con varianza robusta.

Resultados: 49.5% de las mujeres acudieron a control posnatal. Los factores asociados con mayor probabilidad de falta de control prenatal fueron: distancia ≥ 5 km entre domicilio y clínica de atención (razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa) 1,48, intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%) 1,16-1,88, p = 0,001), control prenatal deficiente (RPa 1,21, IC95% 1,001-1,46, p = 0,049) y atención posparto incompleta (RPa 1,42, IC95% 1,23-1,63, p < 0,001).

Conclusiones: la baja asistencia a control posnatal en las clínicas de atención primaria destaca la necesidad de buscar e implementar alternativas factibles como teleasistencia y consultas a domicilio para facilitar que las mujeres que viven lejos de su clínica de atención primaria reciban atención posnatal.

 

Abstract

Background: Postnatal care is essential to identify and treat at the appropriate time adverse health events in the puerperium. In Mexico, the factors that affect postnatal care have not been documented.

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the lack of postnatal care.

Material and methods: Cross-sectional study of 202 women of reproductive age affiliated with six primary care clinics of the Mexican Institute for Social Security. We analyzed these factors: (1) sociodemographic: age, education, schooling, distance between home and clinic; (2) psychosocial: social support; (3) obstetric and gynecologic: number of pregnancies, type of delivery, presence of comorbidity and suspected depression, and (4) health services: deficient prenatal control and incomplete postpartum hospital care. We performed multiple Poisson regression with a robust variance.

Results: 49.5% of women had postnatal control. Factors associated with a higher probability of lack of postnatal control were: distance ≥ 5 km between home and clinic (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.16-1.88, p = 0.001), poor prenatal care (aPR 1.21, 95% CI 1.001-1.46, p = 0.049), and incomplete postpartum care (aPR 1.42, 95% CI 1.23-1.63, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The low attendance of postnatal care in primary care clinics highlights the need to seek and implement feasible healthcare alternatives, such as home care or telemedicine, to women who cannot attend to postnatal consultations.

 


Palabras clave


Atención posnatal; Mujeres; Servicios de Salud / Postnatal Care; Women; Health Services

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