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Complicaciones cardiovasculares de la crisis hipertensiva
Resumen
Inevitablemente, una proporción de pacientes con hipertensión arterial sistémica desarrollará crisis hipertensiva en algún momento de su vida. Las crisis hipertensivas pueden dividirse en hipertensos con emergencia o urgencia hipertensiva, según la presencia o ausencia de daño agudo en órganos blanco. En esta revisión discutimos la emergencia cardiovascular hipertensiva, la cual incluye el síndrome coronario agudo, la disección aórtica, la insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva y las crisis hipertensivas simpaticomiméticas (de estas, también mencionaremos aquellas causadas por el consumo de cocaína). Cada una de estas crisis se presenta de una manera única, aunque algunos pacientes con emergencia hipertensiva reportan síntomas inespecíficos. El tratamiento incluye varios medicamentos de acción rápida y eficaces con seguridad para reducir la presión arterial, proteger la función de órganos restantes, aliviar los síntomas, minimizar el riesgo de complicaciones y mejorar los resultados del paciente.
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