Resumen
Introducción: de acuerdo con la Federación Internacional de Diabetes, en México el 18% de los adultos viven con diabetes, y se espera que para el 2030 ocupe el séptimo lugar mundial en número de casos. En la población cubierta por el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, la diabetes es la segunda causa de mortalidad, así como de años perdidos por muerte prematura, de años vividos con discapacidad y de años de vida saludable perdidos, colocándola como una de las enfermedades más costosas.
Objetivo: atender de manera oportuna e integral las complicaciones crónicas de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), mediante la implementación articulada de las acciones a cargo de equipo multidisciplinario de salud en los tres niveles de atención.
Material y métodos: el proceso de desarrollo de los Protocolos de Atención Integral consistió en: 1) Priorización del problema de salud, 2) Conformación de grupo de trabajo interdisciplinario, 3) Desarrollo del contenido y búsqueda sistemática de información 4) Análisis, revisión y discusión de las intervenciones, 5) Revisión y validación por las áreas normativas y 6) Difusión e implementación.
Conclusiones: el adecuado control glucémico, del presión arterial y lípidos, así como un estilo de vida saludable son la clave para retrasar la presencia de complicaciones micro y macrovasculares de la DM2. Sin embargo, la progresión de la enfermedad eventualmente será inevitable, enfrentará al personal de salud y al paciente a alguna de las complicaciones. En este sentido, la detección oportuna y el tratamiento para retrasarlas se convierte en la principal función del trabajador de la salud.
Abstract
Background: According to the International Diabetes Federation, 18% of Mexican adults live with diabetes and it is expected that by 2030 it will occupy the seventh place in the world in number of cases. In the population covered by the Mexican Institute of Social Security, diabetes is the second cause of mortality, years lost due to premature death, years lived with disability and years of healthy life lost, placing it as one of the costliest diseases.
Objective: Address in a timely and integrated manner chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, by implementing coordinated actions by multidisciplinary health team in the 3 levels of care.
Material and methods: The process of developing the Integrated Care Protocols consisted of: 1) Prioritization of the health problem, 2) Formation of an interdisciplinary working group, 3) Development of content and systematic search for information 4) Analysis, review and discussion of interventions, 5) Review and validation by regulatory areas, 6) Dissemination and implementation.
Conclusions: Adequate glycemic control, blood pressure, lipids and a healthy lifestyle are the key to delaying the presence of micro and macrovascular complications of DM2. However, the progression of the disease will eventually be inevitable, it will confront the health personnel and the patient with some of the complications. In this sense, timely detection and treatment to delay them becomes the main function of the health worker.
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