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Características clínicas asociadas a mortalidad por COVID-19 en cuidados intensivos / Clinical characteristics related to mortality by COVID-19 in intensive care

Josué Israel López-Valdés, Rubén Alejandro Ponce-Mendoza, Miguel Solís-Barraza, Juan Luis Trevizo-Díaz, Jesús Roberto Nevarez-Campos

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 ocasionó la reconversión hospitalaria en México y hubo poca información sobre su evolución en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de segundo nivel.

Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas asociadas a mortalidad por COVID-19 en una UCI de segundo nivel.

Material y métodos: estudio observacional, de cohorte, retrospectivo y analítico. Se registraron variables demográficas, antecedentes, características clínicas, ventilatorias, de laboratorio y complicaciones de ingresos en la UCI de marzo a noviembre 2020 por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos: mejoría o defunción. Se imputaron datos perdidos con método de regresión normal multivariable y se usó estadística descriptiva e inferencial para determinar el riesgo de variables significativas frente al desenlace muerte con regresión de Cox.

Resultados: 60% de los pacientes fueron hombres. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 55%. Una edad mayor (44.4 ± 12.1 vs. 50.7 ± 12.1, p = 0.01), el puntaje de APACHE II (8 [10-13] vs. 15 [11-21], p < 0.001), un mayor tiempo de inicio de síntomas (10.1 ± 4.0 vs. 12.0 ± 5.3 días, p = 0.049) y una menor saturación de oxígeno (78.2 ± 16.%5 vs. 71.1 ± 17.9%, p = 0.017) fueron las características clínicas con significación estadística asociadas a mortalidad. El promedio de estancia en UCI fue de 8 días.

Conclusiones: una mayor edad, más días desde el inicio de síntomas y menor saturación, ambos al ingreso, fueron factores preingreso de riesgo de muerte, mientras que las complicaciones cardiovasculares, renales e hiperglucemia los determinantes intrahospitalarios.

 

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused hospital reconversion throughout Mexico and it was scarce information about its development in second-level intensive care units (ICU).

Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics related to COVID-19 mortality in a second-level ICU.

Material and methods: Observational, cohort, retrospective, and analytical study. Demographic variables, medical history, as well as clinical, ventilatory and laboratory characteristics, and complications of patients admitted to ICU from March to November 2020 due to acute respiratory failure were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups: improvement or death. Lost data were imputed by normal multivariated regression. Descriptive statistics and inferencial analysis were made to determine the risk of significant variables against the death outcome with Cox regression.

Results: 60% of patients were male. In-hospital mortality was 55%. An older age (44.4 ± 12.1 vs. 50.7 ± 12.1, p = 0.01), higher APACHE II score (8 (10-13) vs. 15 (11-21), p < 0.001), larger onset-symptom time to ICU (10.1 ± 4.0 vs. 12.0 ± 5.3 days, p = 0.049) and a lower oxygen saturation (78.2 ± 16.%5 vs. 71.1 ± 17.9%, p = 0.017) were significantly asociated characteristics to mortality. Average of stay at ICU was 8 days.

Conclusions: A higher age, more days from beginning of symptoms to hospital admission, and lower oxygenation at admission were pre-admission determining factors for risk of death, while cardiovascular, renal complications and hyperglycemia were the in-hospital determinants.

 

 


Palabras clave


Infecciones por Coronavirus; Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio; Respiración Artificial; Cuidados Críticos / Coronavirus Infections; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiration, Artificial; Critical Care

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Referencias


 

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