Resumen
Introducción: la reinserción laboral y la reanudación de las tareas del hogar suponen el último paso en la superación del cáncer de mama (CM).
Objetivo: evaluar si las características clínicas y el tipo de tratamiento afectan de forma negativa el desempeño en el puesto de trabajo y en el hogar.
Material y métodos: se incluyeron 119 pacientes diagnosticadas de CM precoz. Se midieron las variables laborales y las relacionadas con las tareas del hogar.
Resultados: al ser diagnosticadas, la mayoría de las pacientes tenía trabajo y realizaba las tareas del hogar. A los dos años de finalizado el tratamiento, el 50% de las pacientes que trabajaban continuaba trabajando y el 68.6% de estas tuvieron dificultades para retomar su trabajo. Las pacientes que no retomaron su actividad laboral fueron diagnosticadas en estadios más avanzados y tuvieron más complicaciones postoperatorias (p < 0.005). En cuanto a la ejecución de las tareas del hogar, el 83.3% tuvieron algún grado de dificultad para llevarlas a cabo. Las pacientes que fueron sometidas a vaciamiento axilar ganglionar, las que recibieron más frecuentemente apoyo psicológico y las que tuvieron más complicaciones postoperatorias realizaron las tareas del hogar con mayor esfuerzo (p < 0.005).
Conclusiones: una vez terminado el tratamiento, el 50% de las pacientes no se reincorporó a su actividad laboral. En este caso, se objetivó el efecto negativo del estadio y de las complicaciones postoperatorias (p < 0.005). Estos datos revelan que la reinserción laboral tras el diagnóstico y tratamiento del CM es complicada.
Abstract
Background: Returning to work and performing housework tasks (HWT) is the final step in overcoming breast cancer (BC).
Objective: To assess whether clinical characteristics and type of treatment impact employment status and performance of HWT.
Material and methods: A total of 119 patients diagnosed with early BC were enrolled. Occupational and HWT-related variables were measured.
Results: At diagnosis, most of the patients were employed and performed HWT. Two years after the end of treatment, 50% of the patients who were working continued to work and 68.6% of these had issues returning to work. Patients who did not return to work were diagnosed at more advanced stages and had more postoperative complications (p < 0.005). Regarding the execution of HWT, 83.3% had some degree of difficulty to perform them. Patients who underwent axillary nodal removal, those who received more frequent psychological support, and those who had more postoperative complications performed HWT with greater difficulty (p < 0.005).
Conclusions: Once treatment had finished, 50% of patients did not come back to their work. In this case, the stage negative effect and the postoperative complications materialized. These data reveal that returning to work after BC diagnosis and treatment is complicated.
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