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Etiología, factores de riesgo e Índice de viscosidad sanguíneo total en enfermedad tromboembólica venosa / Ethiology, risk factors and Whole blood viscosity index in thromboembolic venous disease

Miguel Alejandro García-Gómez, Joaquín García-Pérez, María Fernanda Colorado-Cruz, Cinthya Paola López-Burgos, Berenice López-Zamora, Katya Melina León-Pérez, Héctor Antonio Solano-Cruz, María del Pilar Cruz-Domínguez, Olga Lidia Vera-Lastra, Gabriela Medina-García

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETEV) es causa frecuente de hospitalización y mortalidad. La viscosidad sanguínea participa en la patogénesis de la trombosis.

Objetivo: analizar los factores de riesgo y el índice de viscosidad sanguíneo total (IVTS) en pacientes con ETEV.

Material y métodos: estudio observacional, transversal, retrospectivo, analítico. Grupo 1: casos (pacientes con diagnóstico de ETEV), y grupo 2: controles sin trombosis. Se describieron los factores de riesgo para ETEV y se calculó el IVTS a partir de proteínas totales y hematocrito. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial con prueba de Chi cuadrada, prueba exacta de Fisher, U de Mann Whitney, análisis de regresión logística bivariado y multivariado.

Resultados: incluimos 146 pacientes y 148 controles, edad 46.3 ± 17.7 frente a 58 ± 18.2 años, de ambos sexos, femenino (65.1%). La etiología más frecuente fue la neoplásica (23.3%), seguida de la enfermedad con riesgo cardiovascular (17.8%). Los factores de riesgo independientes para ETEV fueron: edad, enfermedad renal crónica, presencia de hepatopatía o neoplasia sólida. El IVTS fue similar en los pacientes con ETEV que en aquellos sin trombosis. Se encontró asociación de la presencia de trombosis venosa profunda y enfermedades con riesgo cardiovascular (p = 0.040).

Conclusiones: la presencia de ERC, hepatopatía y neoplasia sólida son factores de riesgo independientes para ETEV. El IVTS es un instrumento diagnóstico sencillo y rápido en la evaluación de los pacientes con ETEV.

 

Abstract

Backround: Venous thromboembolic disease (VTED) is a frequent cause of hospitalization and mortality. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) participates in the pathogenesis of thrombosis.

Objective: To identify the most frequent etiologies and their association with WBV index (WBVI) in hospitalized patients with VTED.

Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical study, Group 1: cases (patients diagnosed with VTED) and Group 2: controls without thrombosis. Risk factors for VTED were described and WBVI was calculated from total proteins and hematocrit. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used with Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann Whitney U test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: We included 146 patients and 148 controls, age 46.3 ±17.7 vs. 58 ± 18.2 years, of both sexes (female, 65.1%). The most frequent etiology was neoplastic (23.3%), followed by diseases with cardiovascular risk (17.8%). Independent risk factors for VTED were age, chronic kidney disease, presence of liver disease or solid neoplasia. WBVI was similar in patients with VTED as in those without thrombosis. We found an association of the presence of deep vein thrombosis and diseases with cardiovascular risk (p = 0.040).

Conclusions: The presence of chronic kidney disease, liver disease, and solid neoplasia are independent risk factors for VTED. The WBVI is a simple and rapid diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with VTED.


Palabras clave


Viscosidad Sanguínea; Trombosis de la Vena; Enfermedades Autoinmunes; Embolia Pulmonar / Blood Viscosity; Venous Thrombosis; Autoimmune Diseases; Pulmonary Embolism

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Referencias


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