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Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 en médicos residentes / Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in resident physicians

María Guadalupe Velázquez-Vázquez, Paolo Alberti-Minutti, Esmeralda Campos-Aguirre, Gamaliel Benítez-Arvizu

Resumen


 

 

Resumen

Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 se extendió rápidamente a nivel mundial; hay disponibles varias estrategias de diagnóstico. Los trabajadores de la salud, en especial los médicos residentes (MR), son una población de alto riesgo para adquirir dicha infección. 

Objetivo: estimar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra el SARS-CoV-2 y los factores asociados en los MR de un hospital de tercer nivel.

Material y métodos: se evaluaron 330 MR de diferentes especialidades con un cuestionario y recolección de muestras de sangre para análisis mediante un inmunoensayo quimioluminiscente de micropartículas. La prevalencia de infección previa se definió por seropositividad de estos anticuerpos. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y concordancia entre las pruebas RT-PCR y presencia de IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2.

Resultados: de los 330 MR, 84.5% participó activamente en atención de pacientes COVID. Uno de cada tres refirió síntomas de COVID-19; 67.6% tuvo posible sitio de contagio en ámbito hospitalario no asociado a Área COVID. De los 71 sujetos sintomáticos, 61.9% se realizaron RT-PCR; 20 fueron positivas. En 15.8% del total se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2. Solo uno de cada tres sujetos con PCR positiva presentó anticuerpos y 11.3% de los casos, aun con RT-PCR positiva, no desarrolló inmunidad humoral.

Conclusiones: la seroprevalencia fue menor que la reportada a nivel nacional, potencialmente por medidas de protección. El principal factor de riesgo fue el contacto con el virus en áreas del hospital no relacionadas a COVID, por lo que es imperativo reforzar los protocolos de seguridad en esos espacios.

 

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 pandemic spread around the world swiftly; there are several diagnostic strategies available. Health workers, especially medical residents (MR), are a high-risk population for acquiring this infection.

Objective: To estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and the associated factors in MR of a third level hospital.

Material and methods: 330 MR from different specialties were evaluated with a questionnaire and collection of blood samples for analysis by microparticle chemiluminescent immunoassay. The prevalence of previous infection was defined by seropositivity of these antibodies. Descriptive statistics and concordance between the RT-PCR tests and the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were used.

Results: Of 330 MR, 84.5% actively participated in COVID patient care. One out of 3 reported symptoms of COVID-19; in 67.6% the possible site of infection was a hospital setting not associated with the COVID area. Out of 71 symptomatic subjects, 61.9% underwent RT-PCR against SARS-CoV-2; 20 were positive. In 15.8% of the total, the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was determined. Only 1 out of 3 subjects with a positive PCR had antibodies, and 11.3% of the cases, even with a positive RT-PCR test, did not develop humoral immunity.

Conclusions: The seroprevalence was lower than that reported at the national level, potentially due to protection measures. The main risk factor was contact with the virus in areas of the hospital not related to COVID, making it imperative to reinforce security protocols in those spaces.

 


Palabras clave


Virus del SARS; Anticuerpos Antivirales; Médicos / SARS Virus; Antibodies, Viral; Physicians

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