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Factores de riesgo al ingreso asociados a intubación en pacientes con COVID-19 / Risk factors at admission associated with intubation in patients with COVID-19

Mayra Estrada-Serrano, Luis García-Covarrubias, Aldo García-Covarrubias, Juan Carlos Hernández-Rivera, Adriana Santos-Mansur

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: se han encontrado tasas de intubación de hasta 33% en pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19. Algunas cohortes han informado la presencia de disnea en el 84.1% de los pacientes intubados y este ha sido el único síntoma asociado con la intubación. La saturación de oxígeno < 90% y el aumento de la frecuencia respiratoria también han sido descritos como predictores de intubación.

Objetivo: analizar los factores de riesgo asociados a intubación en pacientes con COVID-19 al momento de su admisión hospitalaria.

Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, analítico y retrospectivo. El universo de estudio consistió en pacientes mayores de 18 años, hospitalizados por diagnóstico de infección por virus SARS-CoV-2 del 1 abril de 2020 al 31 abril de 2021 en el Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez” del Centro Médico Nacional.

Resultados: se analizaron un total de 300 pacientes. La media de edad de los pacientes intubados fue de 59.17 años (p < 0.001, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] −9.994 a −3.299). En general, el 76.7% (230) de los pacientes tenía antecedentes de una o más comorbilidades preexistentes, incluida la hipertensión en 42.3% (127), la obesidad en 36.7% (110) y la diabetes mellitus en 34.3% (103).

Conclusiones: las principales características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en nuestro centro que requirieron de intubación son muy similares a las observadas en distintos centros, entre ellas el sexo masculino, la edad mayor de 50 años y la obesidad, que fueron las más prevalentes.

 

Abstract

Background: Intubation rates up to 33% have been found in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Some cohorts have reported the presence of dyspnea in 84.1% of intubated patients, being this the only symptom associated with intubation. Oxygen saturation < 90% and increased respiratory rate have also been described as predictors of intubation.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors associated with intubation in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at their admission.

Material and methods: An observational, retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe of study consisted of patients over 18 years of age hospitalized due to a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection from April 1, 2020 to April 31, 2021 in the Hospital de Especialidades (Specialties Hospital) “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez” at the National Medical Center.

Results: The mean age of intubated patients was 59.17 years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −9.994 to −3.299, p < 0.001). Overall, 76.7% (230) of patients had a history of one or more preexisting comorbidities, including hypertension in 42.3% (127), obesity in 36.7% (110), and diabetes mellitus in 34.3% (103).

Conclusions: The main clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in our center who required intubation are very similar to those observed in different centers, including male sex, age over 50 years and obesity, which were the most common.

 

 


Palabras clave


COVID-19; Intubación; Factores de Riesgo; Ingreso; Síntomas / COVID-19; Intubation; Risk Factors; Admission Symptoms

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