Resumen
Introducción: las fracturas de tobillo son las fracturas más frecuentes en el miembro inferior. Afectan predominantemente a personas jóvenes y representan aproximadamente el 9% de todas las fracturas.
Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a funcionalidad en pacientes con fractura cerrada de tobillo.
Material y métodos: estudio observacional y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron expedientes de personas con diagnóstico de fractura cerrada de tobillo ingresados a rehabilitación entre enero y diciembre del 2020 en la Unidad de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación de tercer nivel. Se registró edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), días de incapacidad, mecanismo de lesión, tipo de tratamiento, tiempo de estancia en rehabilitación, tipo de fractura y funcionalidad. Para determinar la asociación de las variables con la funcionalidad se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrada y t de Student, y posteriormente se hizo un análisis multivariado con regresión logística bivariada.
Resultados: la edad promedio de los sujetos fue de 44.8 años, el sexo femenino se presentó en el 54.7%, el IMC promedio fue de 28.8%, 66% realizaba una actividad laboral remunerada, el 65% recibió tratamiento quirúrgico, el tiempo de incapacidad promedio fue de 140 días, los factores asociados a funcionalidad de manera independiente fueron la edad, el dolor, la dorsiflexión y la flexión plantar al ingreso de rehabilitación.
Conclusiones: las fracturas de tobillo se presentan en población joven y los factores asociados a funcionalidad fueron la edad, dorsiflexión, flexión plantar y dolor al ingreso de rehabilitación.
Abstract
Background: Ankle fractures are among the most frequent fractures in the lower limb, predominantly affecting young people and representing approximately 9% of all fractures.
Objective: To identify the factors associated with functionality in patients with closed ankle fracture.
Material and methods: Observational and retrospective study. Records of people with a diagnosis of ankle fractures admitted to rehabilitation between January to December 2020 in a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit of a third level hospital were included. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), days of disability, mechanism of injury, type of treatment, length of stay in rehabilitation, type of fracture and functionality were captured. Chi-squared and Student’s t test were used to determine the association. Subsequently a multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression was performed.
Results: The average age of the subjects was 44.8 years, the female sex was presented in 54.7%, the average BMI was 28.8%, 66% carried out a paid work activity, 65% received surgical treatment, the average time of disability was 140 days, the factors associated with functionality independently were age, pain, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion upon admission to rehabilitation.
Conclusions: Ankle fractures occur in a young population and the factors associated with functionality were age, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and pain upon admission to rehabilitation.
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