ISSN: 0443-511
e-ISSN: 2448-5667
Usuario/a
Idioma
Herramientas del artículo
Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico (Inicie sesión)
Enviar un correo electrónico al autor/a (Inicie sesión)
Tamaño de fuente

Open Journal Systems

Dermatomiositis anti-MDA5. Revisión de la literatura / Anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis. Literature review

Sirenia Alejandra Castro-Molina, Silvia Méndez-Flores

Resumen


Resumen

La dermatomiositis positiva contra el gen 5 asociado a la diferenciación de melanoma (DM anti-MDA5) es una enfermedad rara que representa menos del 2%. La prevalencia de DM anti-MDA5 varía de 7 a 60%, con mayor prevalencia en asiáticos (11-60%) y mujeres. El cuadro clínico es muy variado y se acompaña por las características típicas de dermatomiositis, como la eritema en heliotropo, con edema, exantema eritematoso en la cara o la parte anterior del tórax (signo de V) y en la espalda y los hombros (signo del chal), las pápulas de Gottron en la parte dorsal de las articulaciones metacarpofalángicas o interfalángicas, que son patognomónicas por definición, pero uno de los signos más llamativos es la ulceración cutánea dolorosa que se encuentra hasta en un 82% de los casos, es profunda y en sacabocados muestran costras hiperqueratósicas. Para el diagnóstico son necesarias las erupciones típicas de la DM (pápulas de Gottron o signo de Gottron y erupción de heliotropo), junto con una patología cutánea de «dermatitis de interfase» o evidencia de miositis o un MSA (autoanticuerpos específicos de miositis). La inmunoprecipitación es el método de referencia para detectar MSA. Para su tratamiento se usan combinaciones de glucocorticoides e inmunosupresores; ademas, es necesaria la detección de enfermedad intersticial rápidamente progresiva (RP-ILD) con tomografía computarizada de alta resolución por su alta asociación con un pronóstico fatal.

 

Abstract

Dermatomyositis positive anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5 DM) is a rare disease that represents less than 2%. The prevalence of anti-MDA5 DM ranges from 7 to 60%, with higher prevalence in Asian (11-60%) and women. The clinical picture may be variable and is accompanied by the typical features of dermatomyositis, such as periorbital heliotrope (blue–purple) rash with edema, erythematous rash on the face, or the anterior chest (in a V-sign), and back and shoulders (in a shawl sign), violaceous papules or plaques located on the dorsal part of the metacarpophalangeal or interphalangeal joints, which are pathognomonic by definition; yet, one of the most striking signs is the painful ulceration skin that is found in 82% of cases, which is deep and in punching holes or showing hyperkeratotic crusts. For diagnosis is necessary the typical DM rashes (Gottron’s papules or Gottron’s sign and heliotrope rash), along with either an “interface dermatitis” skin pathology or evidence of myositis or a MSA (myositis-specific autoantibodies). Immunoprecipitation is the gold standard method to detect MSA. Combinations of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are used for treatment; besides, it is necessary the detection of rapidly progressive interstitial disease (RP-ILD) with a high-resolution CT because of its high association with fatal prognosis.

 


Palabras clave


Dermatomiositis; Anticuerpos; Úlcera / Dermatomyositis; Antibodies; Ulcer

Texto completo:

PDF

Referencias


 

Nombel A, Fabien N, Coutant F. Dermatomyositis With Anti-MDA5 Antibodies: Bioclinical Features, Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies. Front Immunol. 2021;12:773352. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.773352.

 

Bolko L, Gitiaux C, Allenbach Y. Dermatomyosites Nouveaux anticorps, nouvelle classification. Med Sci MS. 2019;35:18- 23. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2019178.

 

Wu W, Guo L, Fu Y, Wang K, Zhang D, Xu W, et al. Interstitial Lung Disease in Anti-MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2021;60(2):293-304. doi: 10.1007/ s12016-020-08822-5.

 

Gupta R, Kumar S, Gow P, Hsien-Cheng Chang L, Yen L. Anti-MDA5-associated dermatomyositis. Intern Med J. 2020; 50(4):484-7. doi: 10.1111/imj.14789.

 

Sampaio AL, Bressan AL, Vasconcelos BN, Gripp AC. Manifestações cutâneas associadas a doenças sistêmicas – Parte I. An Bras Dermatol Port. 2021;96(6):655-71. doi: 10.1016/j. abd.2021.02.008.

 

DeWane ME, Waldman R, Lu J. Dermatomyositis: Clinical features and pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82 (2):267-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.1309.

 

Kurtzman DJB, Vleugels RA. Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) dermatomyositis: A concise review with an emphasis on distinctive clinical features. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(4):776-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.010.

 

Gerami P, Walling HW, Lewis J, Doughty L, Sontheimer RD. A systematic review of juvenile-onset clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(4):637-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08055.x.

 

Udkoff J, Cohen PR. Amyopathic Dermatomyositis: A Concise Review of Clinical Manifestations and Associated Malignancies. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2016;17(5):509-18. doi: 10.1007/ s40257-016-0199-z.

 

Vastarella M, Gallo L, Cantelli M, Nappa P, Fabbrocini G. An Undetected Case of Tinea Capitis in an Elderly Woman Affected by Dermatomyositis: How Trichoscopy Can Guide to the Right Diagnosis. Skin Appendage Disord. 2019;5(3):186- 8. doi: 10.1159/000495805.

 

Bottai M, Tjärnlund A, Santoni G, Werth VP, Pilkington C, de Visser M, et al. EULAR/ACR classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups: a methodology report. RMD Open. 2017;3 (2):e000507. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000507.

 

Mammen AL, Allenbach Y, Stenzel W, Benveniste O; ENMC 239th Workshop Study Group. 239th ENMC International Workshop: Classification of dermatomyositis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 14-16 December 2018. Neuromuscul Disord NMD. 2020 Jan;30(1):70-92. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.10.005.

 

Tansley SL, Simou S, Shaddick G, Betteridge ZE, Almeida B, Gunawardena H, et al. Autoantibodies in juvenile-onset myositis: Their diagnostic value and associated clinical phenotype in a large UK cohort. J Autoimmun. 2017;84:55-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.06.007.

 

McHugh NJ, Tansley SL. Autoantibodies in myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018;14(5):290-302. doi: 10.1038/ nrrheum.2018.56.,

 

Cobos GA, Femia A, Vleugels RA. Dermatomyositis: An Update on Diagnosis and Treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020; 21(3):339-53. doi: 10.1007/s40257-020-00502-6.

 

Matsushita T, Mizumaki K, Kano M, Yagi N, Tennichi M, Takeuchi A, et al. Antimelanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 antibody level is a novel tool for monitoring disease activity in rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease with dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(2):395-402. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14882.

 

Huang K, Vinik O, Shojania K, Yeung J, Shupak R, Nimmo M, et al. Clinical spectrum and therapeutics in Canadian patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-positive dermatomyositis: a case-based review. Rheumatol Int. 2019;39(11):1971-1981. doi: 10.1007/ s00296-019-04398-2.

 

Kim Y, Sykes AJ, Tugnet N, Cheng H. Digital ulcerations in anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis: Complete resolution following treatment with cyclophosphamide. Australas J Dermatol. 2020;61(2):e251-2. doi: 10.1111/ajd.13220.

 

Shoji T, Bando T, Fujinaga T, Chen F, Sasano H, Yukawa N, et al. Living-donor lobar lung transplantation for rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia associated with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis: report of a case. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;61(1):32-4. doi: 10.1007/s11748-012-0106-3.

 

Kim J, Kim YW, Lee SM, Kim YS, Kim YT, Song YW. Successful lung transplantation in a patient with dermatomyositis and acute form of interstitial pneumonitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27(1):168-9.

 

Leclair V, Labirua-Iturburu A, Lundberg IE. Successful Lung Transplantation in a Case of Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Antimelanoma Differentiation-associated Gene 5 Antibodies. J Rheumatol. 2018;45(4):581- 3. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.171047.

 

Shirakashi M, Nakashima R, Tsuji H, Tanizawa K, Handa T, Hosono Y, et al. Efficacy of plasma exchange in anti-MDA5- positive dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease under combined immunosuppressive treatment. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2020;59(11):3284-92. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa123.

 

Abe Y, Matsushita M, Tada K, Yamaji K, Takasaki Y, Tamura N. Clinical characteristics and change in the antibody titres of patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive inflammatory myositis. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2017;56(9):1492-7. doi: 10.1093/ rheumatology/kex188.

 

Xu A, Ye Y, Fu Q, Lian X, Chen S, Guo Q, et al. Prognostic values of anti-Ro52 antibodies in anti-MDA5-positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis associated with interstitial lung disease. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2021;60(7):3343-51. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa786.

 

Lian X, Zou J, Guo Q, Chen S, Lu L, Wang R, et al. Mortality Risk Prediction in Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease: The FLAIR Model. Chest. 2020;158(4):1535-45. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.057.

 


Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.