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Trombólisis acelerada por ultrasonido. Experiencia inicial en pacientes con contraindicación para trombólisis sistémica / Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis. Initial experience in patients with contraindications to systemic thrombolysis

Gustavo Inzunza-Cervantes, Daniel Velarde-Pérez, José Hernando Saldaña-García, Gabriela Espinoza-Escobar, Felipe de Jesús Velázquez-Mejía

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: la tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) aguda es una entidad compleja y potencialmente mortal, de curso clínico variable, considerada como la tercera causa cardiovascular de muerte. Su manejo varía de acuerdo con el riesgo estratificado desde anticoagulación hasta terapia de reperfusión, por lo que se sugiere como estrategia de primera elección la trombólisis sistémica; sin embargo, en un grupo amplio de pacientes su empleo estará contraindicado, desaconsejado o habrá fallado y se recomendarán como opciones en tales casos terapias endovasculares o embolectomía quirúrgica. A partir de la presentación de 3 casos clínicos y una revisión de la literatura, buscamos comunicar nuestra experiencia inicial en el uso de trombólisis acelerada por ultrasonido con sistema EKOS e indagar elementos claves para su entendimiento y aplicación.

Caso clínico: se discuten los casos de 3 pacientes con TEP aguda de riesgo alto e intermedio con contraindicaciones para la trombólisis sistémica, llevados a terapia de trombólisis acelerada por ultrasonido, los cuales presentaron adecuada evolución clínica y hemodinámica a corto plazo, y lograron una rápida disminución de la presión arterial pulmonar sistólica y media, mejoría de función ventricular derecha y reducción de la carga trombótica.

Conclusión: la trombólisis acelerada por ultrasonido es una terapia fármaco-mecánica novedosa que combina la emisión de ondas ultrasónicas con la infusión de un agente trombolítico local, estrategia que según diferentes ensayos y registros clínicos presenta una alta tasa de éxito y un buen perfil de seguridad.

 

Abstract

Background: acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a complex and potentially deadly entity, with a variable clinical course, considered the third cardiovascular cause of death. Its management varies according to the stratified risk from anticoagulation to reperfusion therapy, suggesting systemic thrombolysis as a first-choice strategy; however, in a large group of patients their use will be contraindicated, discouraged or will have failed, thus recommending as options in such cases endovascular therapies or surgical embolectomy. With the presentation of 3 clinical cases and a review of the literature, we seek to communicate our initial experience in the use of ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis with the EKOS system and to investigate key elements for its understanding and application.

Clinical cases: the cases of 3 patients with APE of high and intermediate risk with contraindications for systemic thrombolysis taken to accelerated thrombolysis therapy by ultrasound are discussed. They presented adequate clinical and hemodynamic evolution in the short term, achieving a rapid decrease in thrombolysis, systolic and mean pulmonary arterial pressure, improvement of right ventricular function and reduction of thrombotic burden.

Conclusion: Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis is a novel pharmaco-mechanical therapy that combines the emission of ultrasonic waves with the infusion of a local thrombolytic agent, a strategy that, according to different trials and clinical registries, has a high success rate and a good safety profile.


Palabras clave


Tromboembolia Pulmonar; Trombólisis Terapéutica; Trombólisis Acelerada por Ultrasonido / Pulmonary Embolism; Therapeutic Thrombolysis; Ultrasound-Accelerated Thrombolysis

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Referencias


 

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