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Manejo de la obesidad en niños y adolescentes / Management of obesity in schoolchildren and adolescents
Resumen
Resumen:
La obesidad pediátrica es un proceso patológico que se puede explicar por la predisposición genética, la dieta inadecuada, el sedentarismo y otros factores ambientales. Se asocia a trastornos psicológicos y enfermedades crónicas en la niñez o más tarde, en la edad adulta. La prevención de la obesidad debe iniciar desde etapas tempranas de la vida y requiere cambios integrales en el estilo de vida (dieta, ejercicio y conductual) involucrando al niño, la familia y la comunidad; se debe realizar por todo el equipo de salud en el primer nivel de atención (médicos, enfermeras, nutriólogos y psicólogos).
El tratamiento de la obesidad puede incluir otras alternativas de tratamiento y debe ser otorgado por el médico (apoyado por el equipo de salud) para atender simultáneamente la obesidad y la morbilidad asociada. El problema de la obesidad pediátrica es mundial y su manejo ha sido poco eficiente hasta ahora, por lo que se requiere la participación de la investigación científica para identificar nuevas estrategias de manejo.
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a pathological process explained by genetic susceptibility, inappropriate diet, sedentary life patterns, and other environmental factors. It is related with psychological disturbances and chronic diseases in childhood or later in adulthood. Obesity prevention must start early in life and requires lifestyle multicomponent intervention (diet, physical activity and behavior), include children, family, and community, and offered in the primary health care service by the healthcare staff (physicians, nurses, dietists, and psychologists).
Obesity treatment may include in addition other treatment alternatives. It must be provided by physicians, to simultaneously treat obesity and the associated morbidity. Pediatric obesity is a global problem, and its management has not been effective. Therefore, scientific research must be involved to identify new management options.
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