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e-ISSN: 2448-5667
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Validación de una escala de síntomas para evaluación ambulatoria en pacientes COVID-19 / Validation of a symptom scale for COVID-19 patients in ambulatory care

Toni Homberg, Pedro Martín Hernández, Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia, María C Jiménez-Martínez

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción:  una escala de síntomas puede estandarizar la evaluación clínica y el seguimiento de sujetos con COVID-19 durante el cuidado ambulatorio. El desarrollo de una escala nueva debe incluir la determinación de su fiabilidad y validez.

Objetivo: desarrollar y analizar las características psicométricas de una escala de síntomas de COVID-19 para ser contestada por personal de salud y por pacientes adultos en el ambiente ambulatorio.

Material y métodos: la escala fue desarrollada por un panel de especialistas con el método Delphi. Se evaluó armonía entre jueces, en la cual se definió buena correlación cuando la prueba Rho de Spearman fuese ≥ 0.8; test-retest, en la cual se definió buena correlación cuando la prueba Rho de Spearman fuese ≥ 0.7; análisis factorial por el método de componentes principales, y validez discriminante mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Una p < 0.05 se consideró estadísticamente significativa.

Resultados: se desarrolló una escala que evalúa 8 síntomas que se califican de 0 hasta 4, con calificación mínima total de 0 y máxima de 32 puntos. La armonía entre jueces fue de 0.995 (n = 31), el test-retest mostró una correlación de 0.88 (n = 22), se detectaron 4 factores en el análisis factorial (n = 40) y la capacidad para discriminar entre sanos y enfermos fue significativa (p < 0.0001, n = 60).

Conclusiones: se desarrolló una escala de síntomas en español (de México), validada y fiable para la evaluación ambulatoria de pacientes COVID-19, que puede ser contestable por el paciente y por el personal de salud.

 

Abstract

Background: A symptom scale can be useful for the standardization of clinical evaluations and follow-up of COVID-19 patients in ambultaroy care. Scale development should be accompanied by an assessment of its reliablility and validity.

Objective: To develop and measure the psychometric characteristics of a COVID-19 symptom scale to be answered by either healthcare personnel or adult patients in ambulatory care.

Material and methods: The scale was developed by an expert panel using the Delphi method. We evaluated inter-rater reliability, where we defined a good correlation if Spearman’s Rho was ≥ 0.8; test-retest, where we defined a good correlation if Spearman’s Rho was ≥ 0.7; factor analysis using principal component methodology; and discriminant validity using Mann-Whitney’s U test. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: We obtained an 8 symptom scale, each symptom is scored from 0-4, with a total minimum score of 0 and a maximum of 32 points. Inter-rater reliability was 0.995 (n = 31), test-retest showed correlation of 0.88 (n = 22), factor analysis detected 4 factors (n = 40) and discriminant capacity of healthy versus sick adults was significant (p < 0.0001, n = 60).

Conclusions: We obtained a reliable and valid Spanish (from Mexico) symptom scale for COVID-19 ambulatory care, answerable by patients and health care staff.


Palabras clave


COVID-19; Cuidados Ambulatorios; Estudio de Validación; Encuestas y Cuestionarios / COVID-19; Ambulatory Care; Validation Study; Surveys and Questionnaires

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