Resumen
Introducción: recientemente las tasas de cesárea han aumentado de manera alarmante. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) propone utilizar el sistema de clasificación Robson como estándar global, lo cual contribuye a un mejor análisis de las indicaciones de cesárea y posibilita el establecimiento de estrategias para reducirlas.
Objetivo: analizar la clasificación de cesáreas por grupos de Robson de julio a septiembre de 2020 en el Hospital General de Zona (HGZ) No. 4, en Celaya, Guanajuato.
Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo que incluyó 160 expedientes de mujeres sometidas a cesárea. Se utilizó la clasificación por grupo de Robson y se usó estadística descriptiva y análisis de clúster para entender mejor los grupos de clasificación.
Resultados: la edad promedio fue 27.6 ± 5.6 años; 53.1% tenía secundaria; 46.9% era ama de casa; 46.3% obrera; 42.8% vivía en unión libre; 50% tuvo 1 o más partos; 42.5% cesárea previa; 96.9% un feto; 91.9% presentación cefálica, y 78.8% 37 semanas de gestación o más. El grupo 5 de Robson (cesárea previa) tuvo el mayor porcentaje (42.5%); el grupo 2 (primigestas) tuvo 20.6%, y el grupo 10 (prematuros) 13.1%. El análisis de clúster creó 3 agrupaciones, donde el clúster 1 y 3 contuvieron el grupo 5 de la clasificación de Robson.
Conclusiones: el HGZ No. 4 debe establecer estrategias necesarias para que las mujeres con cesárea previa puedan tener un parto vaginal sin comprometer el bienestar del binomio madre-hijo, además de intervenciones para evitar la cesárea primaria, dado que las mujeres del grupo 1 y 2 potencialmente formarán parte del grupo 5 en el próximo evento obstétrico.
Abstract
Background: In recent years, cesarean section (CS) rates have increased alarmingly. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposes to use the Robson classification system as a global standard, which contributes to a better analysis of CS indications, making it possible to establish strategies to reduce them.
Objective: To analyze the classification of CS by Robson groups from July to September 2020 at the Hospital General de Zona No. 4 (District General Hospital [DGH] No. 4), in Celaya, Guanajuato.
Material and methods: Retrospective study which included 160 records of women undergoing CS. Robson's group classification was used, and descriptive statistics and cluster analysis were performed to better understand the classification groups.
Results: The average age was 27.6 ± 5.6 years. 53.1% had secondary school; 46.9% was a housewife; 46.3% was laborer; 42.8% were cohabitating; 50% had 1 or more births; 42.5% previous CS; 96.9% 1 fetus; 91.9% cephalic presentation; 78.8% 37 weeks of gestational age or more. Robson's group 5 (previous CS) had the highest percentage (42.5%), followed by group 2 (primiparous) with 20.6%, and group 10 (premature) 13.1%. Cluster analysis formed 3 groups, where cluster 1 and 3 contained group 5 of Robson's classification.
Conclusions: DGH No. 4 must carry out the necessary strategies so that women with a previous cesarean section can have a vaginal delivery, without compromising the well-being of the mother-child pair, in addition to interventions to avoid primary CS, because women in group 1 and 2 will potentially belong to group 5, in the next obstetric event.
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