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Bacterias Gram-negativas de prioridad crítica en pacientes de las UCI de un hospital de tercer nivel / Gram-negative bacteria of critical priority in ICU patients from a tertiary care hospital

Andrés Humberto Uc-Cachón, Gloria María Molina-Salinas, Angel de Jesús Dzul-Beh, Rey Fernando Rosado-Manzano, Haziel Eleazar Dzib-Baak

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) son el epicentro de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM) y las infecciones en estas áreas son causadas principalmente por bacterias Gram-negativas (BGN).

Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia y los patrones de RAM en BGN aisladas de muestras clínicas de pacientes de las UCI de un hospital de tercer nivel en Mérida, Yucatán.

Material y métodos: estudio que incluyó la revisión de los reportes de laboratorio de las muestras bacteriológicas obtenidas de pacientes ingresados en las UCI neonatal, pediátrica y adulta del 1 de enero de 2019 al 31 de diciembre de 2021.

Resultados: se identificaron 433 BGN y Klebsiella pneumoniae fue el patógeno más prevalente (n = 117; 27.02%). La mayoría de las BGN aisladas se obtuvieron de secreciones bronquiales (n = 163). En general, las BGN mostraron altas tasas de resistencia a ampicilina (89.48%), ampicilina/sulbactam (66.85%), cefalosporinas (58.52-93.81%), tobramicina (58.06%) y tetraciclina (61.73%). El 73.90% y el 68.53% de las BGN exhibieron perfiles multidrogorresistentes y microorganismos altamente resistentes a fármacos, respectivamente, y 47.54% de los aislamientos de Acinetobacter baumannii mostró perfil de drogorresistencia extendida. El 80.33% de los A. baumannii fue resistente a carbapenémicos y el 83.76% de las K. pneumoniae fueron productoras de BLEE.

Conclusión: nuestros datos podrían mejorar la terapia antimicrobiana empírica y el programa de control de infecciones.

 

Abstract

Background:
Intensive care units (ICU) are the epicenter of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and patients’ infections are mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB).

Objective: To describe the frequency and trends in AMR of GNB deriving from the clinical samples of ICU patients at a tertiary care hospital in Mérida, Yucatán.

Material and methods: Study which included the review of laboratory reports of all bacteriological samples collected from patients admitted to neonatal, pediatric and adult ICU from January 1 2019 to December 31 2021.

Results: 433 GNB isolates were recovered, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most predominant isolate (n = 117; 27.02%). The majority of GNB were recovered from bronchial secretions (n = 163). Overall, GNB showed high resistance rates to ampicillin (89.48%), ampicillin/sulbactam (66.85%), cephalosporins (58.52-93.81%), tobramycin (58.06%), and tetracycline (61.73%). Among GNB, 73.90% and 68.53% exhibited multidrug-resistant, and highly resistant microorganisms’ profiles, respectively, and 47.54% of Acinetobacter baumannii exhibited an extensively drug-resistant profile. A total of 80.33% of A. baumannii was carbapenem-resistant, and 83.76% of K. pneumoniae strains were ESBL-producing.

Conclusion: Our data could be helpful to improve the empirical therapy and the infection-control program.


Palabras clave


Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos; Acinetobacter baumannii; Klebsiella pneumoniae; beta-Lactamasas / Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Intensive Care Units; Acinetobacter baumannii; Klebsiella pneumoniae; beta-Lactamases

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Referencias


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