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Hallazgos sutiles y subclínicos neurológicos en pacientes con SARS-CoV2 / Subtle and subclinical neurological findings in patients with SARS-CoV-2

Daniel Arturo Martínez-Piña, Daniel SanJuan-Orta, Edith González-Guevara, Clara Elena Vázquez-Díaz, Martha Alicia Hernández-González, José Octavio Sosa-Ramos

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción:  existen condiciones neurológicas severas en pacientes con COVID-19, como: enfermedad cerebrovascular, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, encefalitis, encefalopatía necrotizante hemorrágica aguda y mielitis.

Objetivo: describimos que el paciente con SARS-CoV-2 con síntomas respiratorios tiene manifestaciones neurológicas sutiles o subclínicas.

Material y métodos: estudio observacional, transversal, analítico, que incluyó pacientes de 18-65 años con síntomas respiratorios y diagnóstico de COVID-19 confirmado. Se excluyeron pacientes intubados, con enfermedades neurodegenerativas crónicas o compromiso neurológico preexistente. Se realizó semiología de la cefalea y exploración neurológica; Se midieron los niveles séricos de glucosa, proteínas, electrolitos, lactato, proteína C reactiva, deshidrogenasa láctica y dímero D. También se realizaron análisis de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y un electroencefalograma (EEG) en los pacientes que aceptaron los riesgos.

Resultados: se encontró alta prevalencia de manifestaciones neurológicas sutiles en pacientes con COVID-19 con solo cuadro clínico respiratorio. Cefalea, anosmia, disgeusia e hipopalestesia predominaron en las primeras etapas, con hallazgos anormales frecuentes en el LCR (> 70%) y con menos frecuencia en el EEG (< 20%).

Conclusiones: la cefalea, anosmia, disgeusia e hipoestesia fueron frecuentes al inicio de la infección, junto con hallazgos anormales en LCR y EEG, sin otros síntomas neurológicos ni enfermedad neurológica.

 

Abstract

Background: There are severe neurological conditions in patients with COVID-19, such as: cerebrovascular disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, encephalitis, acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy and myelitis.

Objective: We describe that the patient with SARS-CoV 2 with respiratory symptoms has subtle or subclinical neurological manifestations.

Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical study, which included patients aged 18-65 years with respiratory symptoms and a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Intubated patients with chronic neurodegenerative diseases or pre-existing neurological compromise were excluded. Semiology of the headache and neurological examination were performed; Serum levels of glucose, protein, electrolytes, lactate, C-reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, and D-dimer were measured. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and electroencephalogram (EEG) were also performed in patients who accepted the risks.

Results: A high prevalence of subtle neurological manifestations was found in patients with COVID-19 with only a respiratory clinical picture. Headache, anosmia, dysgeusia, and hypopalesthesia predominated in the early stages, with frequent abnormal findings in the CSF (> 70%) and less frequently in the EEG (< 20%).

Conclusions: Headache, anosmia, dysgeusia and hypoesthesia were frequent at the beginning of the infection, together with abnormal findings in CSF and EEG, without other neurological symptoms or neurological disease.


Palabras clave


SARS-CoV 2; Líquido Cefalorraquídeo; Cefalea; Electroencefalograma; Síntomas Neurológicos / SARS-CoV-2; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Headache: Electroencephalogram; Neurological Symptoms

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DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.24875/10.5281/zenodo.10064309

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