Resumen
Introducción: el síndrome aórtico agudo se escribió en su totalidad en 2001, y se refiere a un grupo heterogéneo de pacientes con un conjunto de signos y síntomas que puede iniciar con dolor torácico. Este síndrome abarca un grupo de cuatro afecciones aórticas agudas: disección aórtica (DA), hematoma intramural, úlcera aórtica penetrante y disección incompleta. La disección aórtica suele producirse tras la aparición brusca de dolor torácico agudo, que es la principal manifestación.
Caso clínico: paciente hombre de 50 años que ingresa al área de Urgencias por presentar dolor abdominal; refiere antecedentes de hipertensión arterial sistémica de 22 años de diagnóstico, tratamiento con Irbesartan (225 mg/día), enfermedad renal crónica sin tratamiento sustitutivo, con apendicectomía previa de hace 30 años.
Conclusión: la dificultad diagnóstica del síndrome aórtico agudo en el área de Urgencias ha sido un reto por el cuadro clínico difuso en el que se presenta, pero es de suma importancia contar con una elevada sospecha, tener presente la DA como una etiología subdiagnosticada y relacionarla con factores de riesgo. La importancia de establecer un diagnóstico a tiempo es prioritaria, ya que la mortalidad aumenta de 1 a 2% por hora de tiempo transcurrido.
Abstract
Background: Acute aortic syndrome was written in its entirety in 2001, it refers to a heterogeneous group of patients with a set of signs and symptoms where it may start with chest pain. This syndrome encompasses a group of four acute aortic conditions: aortic dissection (AD), intramural hematoma, penetrating aortic ulcer, and incomplete dissection. Aortic dissection usually follows the sudden onset of acute chest pain, which is the main manifestation.
Case report: 50-year-old male patient admitted to the emergency department with abdominal pain; he reported a history of systemic arterial hypertension for 22 years, treatment with Irbesartan (225 mg/day), chronic renal disease without replacement therapy, with previous appendectomy 30 years ago.
Conclusion: The diagnostic difficulty of acute aortic syndrome in the emergency department has been a challenge due to the diffuse clinical picture in which it presents, but it is extremely important to have a high level of suspicion, to keep in mind that AD is an underdiagnosed etiology and to relate it to risk factors. The importance of establishing a timely diagnosis is a priority, since mortality increases from 1 to 2% per hour of elapsed time.
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