Resumen
Introducción: la enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey es una rara genodermatosis autosómica dominante cuya causa es la mutación del gen ATP2C1. Se estima una prevalencia de 1 por cada 50,000 casos y se manifiesta como vesículas flácidas agrupadas que se rompen con facilidad. El diagnóstico se confirma con el estudio histopatológico que crea una apariencia denominada “pared de ladrillo dilapidada” y se identifica disqueratosis en forma de cuerpos redondos y granos. El tratamiento comprende desde medidas generales hasta múltiples opciones farmacológicas y los corticoesteroides tópicos son los más utilizados.
Caso clínico: paciente del sexo masculino con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey. A la exploración física observamos una dermatosis diseminada a cuello, tronco, pliegues axilares, inguinales y región interglútea, de manera unilateral, asimétrica, de aspecto polimorfo, constituida por exulceración, eritema, algunas pústulas y vesículas flácidas que confluían para formar placas eccematosas e hipertróficas con escama fina, de evolución crónica, acompañada de prurito. Además, aprovechamos la oportunidad para revisar la informacion más relevante en la literatura con respecto a la enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey, especialmente enfocados en el aspecto terapéutico.
Conclusiones: es importante tener en cuenta que la enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey es una patología rara, a fin de hacer un diagnóstico diferencial en la práctica clínica rutinaria.
Abstract
Background: Hailey-Hailey disease is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis whose cause is the ATP2C1 gene mutation. A prevalence of 1 in 50,000 cases is estimated and it manifests as grouped flaccid vesicles that break easily. The diagnosis is confirmed with the histopathological study creating an appearance called "dilapidated brick wall", identifying dyskeratosis in the form of round bodies and pimples. Treatment ranges from general measures to multiple pharmacological options, with topical corticosteroids being the most commonly used.
Clinical case: Male patient diagnosed with Hailey-Hailey disease. On physical examination we observed a dermatosis disseminated to the neck, trunk, axillary and inguinal folds, and intergluteal region, unilateral, asymmetric with a polymorphous appearance, constitution due to exulceration, erythema, some pustules and flaccid vesicles that coalesced to form eczematous and hypertrophic plaques with the presence of fine scales on their surface, with a chronic evolution accompanied by pruritus. We also took the opportunity to review the most relevant information in the literature regarding Hailey-Hailey disease, especially focused on the therapeutic aspect.
Conclusions: It is important to take into account that Hailey-Hailey disease is a rare pathology, in order to make a differential diagnosis in daily clinical practice.
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