Resumen
Introducción: la miringoplastia es el método más eficaz y confiable para el cierre de perforaciones de membranas timpánicas (MT) crónicas, el injerto de grasa como soporte para la epitelización tiene baja tasa de éxito para perforaciones > 30%, el uso de plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) promete un papel adyuvante en la regeneración de la MT en perforaciones >25% y <50%.
Objetivo: demostrar la tasa de éxito de la miringoplastia con injerto de grasa (MIG) con PRP en perforaciones de MT menores del 50% comparado con injerto de grasa solo.
Material y métodos: estudio clínico, aleatorizado, controlado. Incluidos 60 pacientes con perforación menor del 50%, ambos sexos, sin infección activa, sospecha de patología oscicular ni antecedente de mastoidectomía. Divididos en dos grupos: Grupo A, 30 pacientes sometidos a MIG y grupo B, 30 pacientes con la misma técnica y PRP. Se subdividieron los grupos por tamaño de perforación: Subgrupo 1 (0-25%) y subgrupo 2 (26-50%).
Resultados: al mes de seguimiento postquirúrgico, la tasa de éxito de cierre de perforación de MT fue significativamente mayor en el grupo B con respecto al grupo A, p = 0.047. Subgrupo 1: cierre de 56% y 66.6% para el grupo A y B, subgrupo 2: con 0 y 13%.
Conclusiones: la miringoplastia con injerto graso enriquecido con plasma rico en plaquetas se recomienda como una opción de tratamiento para perforaciones de membrana timpánica de mediano tamaño realizada en consultorio.
Abstract
Background: Myringoplasty is the most effective method for the closure of chronic tympanic perforations, fat graft as support for epithelialization has a low success rate for perforations > 30%, the use of platelet-rich plasma promises an adjuvant role in the regeneration of the tympanic membrane in perforations > 25% and <50%.
Objective: To demonstrate the rate of successful of myringoplasty with fat graft with platelet-rich plasma in tympanic membrane perforations less than 50% compared to fat graft alone.
Material and methods: Clinical, randomized, controlled study. 60 patients were included with perforation of less than 50%, both sexes, without active infection, suspicion of ossicular pathology or history of mastoidectomy. Divided into two groups: Group A, 30 patients who underwent myringoplasty with fat graft and Group B, 30 patients with the same technique and platelet-rich plasma. Groups were subdivided by perforation size: Subgroup 1 (0-25%) and Subgroup 2 (26-50%).
Results: At one month of postsurgical follow up, the tympanic membrane perforation closure success rate was significantly higher in group B compared to group A, p = 0.047. Subgroup 1: closure of 56% and 66.6% for group A and B, subgroup 2: with 0 and 13%.
Conclusions: Myringoplasty with fat graft with platelet-rich plasma enriched is recommended as a treatment option for first line of medium-sized tympanic perforations.
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