Resumen
Introducción: el síndrome de POEMS es un trastorno paraneoplásico incapacitante, relacionado con una neoplasia de células plasmáticas. Clínicamente se caracteriza por neuropatía periférica de predominio desmielinizante y muchas veces inicia en miembros pélvicos, organomegalia, endocrinopatía, cambios en la piel y proteína M sérica elevada. Para el diagnóstico se requiere cumplir un conjunto de criterios clínicos en los que la polirradiculoneuropatía y el trastorno de células plasmáticas son los dos criterios obligatorios. El objetivo es describir tres casos clínicos de síndrome de POEMS, su abordaje diagnóstico, manejo terapéutico y una breve revisión de la literatura actual.
Casos clínicos: en este estudio se presentan tres casos clínicos que mostraron características compatibles con el síndrome de POEMS. Los estudios de neuroconducción revelaron una afectación desmielinizante, con afectación sensitivo-motora, y se encontró evidencia de un pico monoclonal. El tratamiento fue satisfactorio en dos casos y de forma parcial en uno, aunque este último estuvo asociado a un retraso en el diagnóstico.
Conclusión: aunque se ha avanzado mucho en la comprensión de la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad y en su tratamiento, el diagnóstico sigue siendo difícil, especialmente en aquellos lugares donde no se cuentan con los recursos necesarios para un diagnóstico preciso. Hay que resaltar que es una enfermedad de manejo multidisciplinario. El pronóstico de esta enfermedad está estrechamente relacionado con un diagnóstico temprano. Aquí describimos tres casos de un centro de referencia en México, con el fin de familiarizar el diagnóstico de la enfermedad.
Abstract
Background: POEMS syndrome is a debilitating paraneoplastic disorder associated with plasma cell neoplasia. Clinically, it is characterized by predominantly demyelinating peripheral neuropathy that often starts in the pelvic limbs, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, skin changes, and elevated serum M protein. Diagnosis requires meeting a set of clinical criteria in which polyradiculoneuropathy and plasma cell disorder are the two mandatory criteria. The aim of this article is to describe 3 clinical cases, their diagnostic approach, and therapeutic management.
Clinical cases: In this study, three clinical cases with features compatible with POEMS syndrome are presented. Nerve conduction studies revealed demyelinating involvement with sensory-motor impairment, and evidence of a monoclonal spike was found. Treatment was successful in two cases and partially effective in one, although the latter was associated with delayed diagnosis.
Conclusion: Despite significant advancements in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of this disease, diagnosis remains challenging, especially in locations lacking the necessary resources for accurate diagnosis. It is essential to emphasize that it requires a multidisciplinary approach. The prognosis of this disease is closely linked to early diagnosis. Here, we describe three cases from a reference center in Mexico to increase awareness of the disease›s diagnosis.
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