Resumen
Introducción: la infección por covid-19 puede afectar el sistema cardiovascular a largo plazo, debido a la inflamación y el daño endotelial causados por el SARS-CoV-2. Se desconoce si los pacientes que han tenido covid-19 grave tienen más riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares que los que no lo han tenido.
Objetivo: comparar la presentación de complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes con antecedente de infección grave por SARS-CoV-2 y la población sin este antecedente.
Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de cohortes que incluyó a 988 pacientes, con un cálculo para el tamaño de muestra para detectar un RR mínimo de 1.5 con un poder estadístico del 80%. El desenlace se midió a través de las historias clínicas electrónicas y se compararon variables. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo mediante medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las variables cuantitativas y frecuencias absolutas y relativas para las cualitativas.
Resultados: el antecedente de infección severa por covid-19 está relacionado con un mayor riesgo de rehospitalización por causas cardiovasculares. Hubo un aumento en la frecuencia de endocarditis, arritmias y eventos trombóticos. Los infartos tipo 4a y los trombos en la aurícula derecha fueron más comunes en pacientes con covid 19.
Conclusiones: el covid-19 se asoció con un mayor reingreso hospitalario por problemas cardíacos, como endocarditis y arritmias. Se identificó un impacto negativo persistente en la salud cardiovascular a largo plazo en estos pacientes.
Abstract
Background: Covid-19 infection can affect the cardiovascular system in the long term, due to the inflammation and endothelial damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. It is unknown whether patients who have had severe covid-19 have a higher risk of cardiovascular complications than those who have not.
Objective: To compare the presentation of cardiovascular complications in patients with a history of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and population without this history.
Material and methods: An observational analytical cohort study was conducted that included 988 patients, with a calculation for the sample size to detect a minimum RR of 1.5 with a statistical power of 80%. The outcome was measured through electronic medical records and variables were compared. A descriptive analysis was performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables and absolute and relative frequencies for qualitative variables.
Results: The history of severe covid-19 infection is related to a higher risk of rehospitalization for cardiovascular causes. There was an increase in the frequency of endocarditis, arrhythmias and thrombotic events. Type 4a infarcts and thrombi in the right atrium were more common in patients with covid-19.
Conclusions: Covid-19 was associated with a higher hospital readmission for cardiac problems, such as endocarditis and arrhythmias. A persistent negative impact on long-term cardiovascular health was identified in these patients.
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