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Grupos de función cognitiva en personas mayores y factores de riesgo / Cognitive function groups in older people and risk factors

Jessica Camacho-Ruíz, Antonio R. Villa, Mario Enrique Rendón-Macías, Mariela Bernabe-García, Emmanuel González-Bautista, Leticia Manuel-Apolinar, Lourdes Basurto-Acevedo, Oscar Orihuela-Rodríguez, Juana M Ruiz-Batalla, Braulio Rojas-Rubio, Roberto A. Olivares-Santos, Carlos Paredes-Manjarrez, Rosalinda Sánchez-Arenas

Resumen


 

Resumen

Introducción: la estratificación del riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en comunidades se originó en autopsias de individuos cognitivamente saludables. El Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de trastornos mentales, 5ta edición (DSM-5, por sus siglas en inglés) incorpora medidas de función cognitiva (FC) subjetivas y objetivas para explorar los trastornos neurocognitivos (TNC). Esto se puede aplicar en comunidades para explorar los factores que pueden influir positiva o negativamente.

Objetivo: obtener la relación entre grupos de FC clasificados según las categorías del DSM-5, y factores sociodemográficos, hábitos, comorbilidades y función motora en personas mayores que viven en la comunidad.

Material y métodos: estudio transversal con una muestra probabilística (n = 347). Las variables fueron sociodemográficas, hábitos, comorbilidades y función motora cognitiva. Los participantes se agruparon en FC objetiva y subjetiva, edad, sexo, nivel educativo, y fueron definidos según el TNC.

Resultados: el 28.5% no presentó trastorno cognitivo, 43.9% tuvo trastorno leve con < 70 años (TNC leve < 70a), 19% con 70 años o más (TNC leve ≥ 70a) y 8.6% con TNC severo. Los factores asociados para TNC < 70a fueron estado civil (EC), actividad física (AF), diabetes mellitus y fragilidad; para TNC-leve >70a: EC, ocupación, vivir solo y enfermedades cardiacas; para TNC severo: AF y fuerza de prensión. En el análisis multivariado, se observó mayor verosimilitud en los grupos de TNC leve que en aquellos sin TNC y con TNC-severo.

Conclusiones: se identificaron 4 grupos de importancia. El TNC leve fue principalmente explicado por factores socio-demográficos, hábitos, condiciones clínicas y funcionalidad motora.

 

Abstract

Background: Risk stratification for cognitive impairment in communities originated from autopsies in cognitively healthy individuals. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) incorporates subjective and objective cognitive function (CF) measures to explore neurocognitive disorders (NCD). It can be applied in communities to explore the factors that may influence positively or negatively.

Objective: To obtain the relationship between groups of CF classified using the DSM-5 categories, and sociodemographic factors, habits, comorbidities and motor function in older people living in the community.

Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample (n = 347). The variables were sociodemographic, habits, comorbidities, and cognitive motor function. The participants were grouped considering subjective and objective CF, plus age, sex, and educational level, and defined according to NCD.

Results: 28.5% did not present cognitive disorder, 43.9% had mild disorder < 70 years (mildNCD < 70y), 19% with 70 years or more (mildNCD ≥ 70y), and with major disorder 8.6%. The associated factors for mildNCD < 70y were marital status (MS), physical activity (PA), diabetes mellitus, and frailty; for mildNCD > 70y: MS, occupation, living alone, and heart disease; for majorNCD: PA and grip strength. In the multivariate analysis it was observed greater likelihood in the mildNCD groups than in the non-NCD and majorNCD groups.

Conclusions: 4 important groups were identified in a community. The mildNCD was mainly explained by sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, clinical conditions, and motor functionality.


Palabras clave


Función Cognitiva; Factores de Riesgo; Análisis por Conglomerados; Trastornos Neurocognitivos / Cognitive Function; Risk Factors; Cluster Analysis, Neurocognitive Disorders

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/10.5281/zenodo.10998801

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