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Estrés percibido en pacientes mexicanas recién diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama / Perceived stress in Mexican patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer

Verónica Neri-Flores, Carmen Lizette Gálvez-Hernández, Angélica Riveros-Rosas, Claudia Haydeé Arce-Salinas, Christian Oswaldo Acosta-Quiroz, Irma Yolanda del Río-Portilla

Resumen


Resumen

Introducción: el diagnóstico de cáncer se ha descrito como un factor importante que causa estrés, lo que puede aumentar la vulnerabilidad para desarrollar trastornos psicológicos, disminuir los niveles de calidad de vida y afectar la respuesta al tratamiento.

Objetivo: validar la escala de Estrés por Cáncer de Mama Recién Diagnosticado (EE-CM-R) y explorar las diferencias respecto a variables clínicas y sociodemográficas.

Material y métodos: estudio transversal. Se invitó a participar a pacientes recién diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama, el día que recibieron su diagnóstico oncológico definitivo. Se aplicó la Escala de Estrés Percibido (EEP) y la EE-CM-R; de esta última, se realizó el proceso de validación al español en una muestra mexicana (confiabilidad, validez de contenido, estructura —AFE— y convergencia).

Resultados: participaron 176 pacientes; su edad media fue de 52.8 años. La escala obtuvo una validez de contenido de 0.53, confiabilidad de 0.791; el AFE mostró 2 factores que explicaron el 42.31% de la varianza. Los niveles de estrés fueron de 23.05 (EEP) y de 13.2 (EE-CM-R). La preocupación por los efectos secundarios, que la enfermedad progrese y la falta de información fueron los estresores mayormente reportados para estas pacientes.

Conclusiones: la EE-CM-R mostró propiedades psicométricas aceptables para su aplicación en pacientes mexicanas y probablemente para pacientes con características personales y contextos lingüísticos y culturales similares. A partir de los resultados, es posible orientar intervenciones con mejor precisión sobre los estresores que enfrentan, como la afectación por la enfermedad y el tratamiento.

 

Abstract

Background: Cancer diagnosis has been described as a significant factor causing psychological stress, which may increase a vulnerability to develop psychological disorders, decrease quality of life levels and affect the response to cancer treatment.

Objective: To validate the Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Stress Scale (NDBCSS) and to explore the differences concerning clinical and sociodemographic variables.

Material and methods: Cross-sectional study. Patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer on the day they received the definitive cancer diagnosis were invited to participate. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the NDBCSS were completed; the latter previously underwent a validation process into Spanish (reliability, content validity, structure —EFA— and convergent validity).

Results: 176 patients participated; their mean age was of 52.8 years. The scale obtained a content validity of 0.53 and reliability of 0.791; the EFA showed 2 factors explaining 42.31% of the variance. Stress levels were 23.05 (PSS) and 13.2 (NDBCSS). Concern about side effects, the progression of the illness and the lack of information were reported as the most critical stressors for these patients.

Conclusions: The NDBCSS showed acceptable psychometric properties for its application in Mexican patients and probably for patients with similar personal characteristics and linguistic and cultural contexts. Based on the results, it is possible to design precise interventions addressed to the stressors they face, such as the impact of the disease and the treatment.


Palabras clave


Neoplasias de la Mama; Diagnóstico; Estrés Psicológico; Psicometría / Breast Neoplasms; Diagnosis; Stress, Psychological; Psychometrics

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/10.5281/zenodo.12667976

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